FROM TISSUE ARCHITECTURE TO HORMONAL REGULATION: AN INTEGRATIVE MULTIMODAL STUDY OF ENDOCRINE ORGAN ADAPTATION TO CHRONIC MYCOBACTERIAL INFLAMMATION IN RATS
Keywords:
endocrine glands, thyroid, adrenal, mycobacteria, morphometry, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, hormonal profiling, artificial intelligence, age-dependent adaptation.Abstract
Chronic infection and the sustained inflammation that accompanies it affect several endocrine organs at the same time, yet most experimental studies examine a single gland or a single analytical level. As a result, the way in which the endocrine system as a whole re-organises itself under prolonged immune stress - and how this depends on age - remains insufficiently characterised. An integrated approach that follows the response from tissue architecture through cellular and molecular markers to hormonal output offers a more complete understanding of endocrine adaptation.
References
1. Ragusa F, et al. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;33(6):101367.
2. Billiau A, Matthys P. Modes of action of Freund's adjuvants in experimental models of autoimmune diseases. J Leukoc Biol. 2001;70(6):849–860.
3. Turnbull AV, Rivier CL. Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cytokines. Physiol Rev. 1999;79(1):1–71.
4. Caturegli P, et al. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: celebrating the centennial. Thyroid. 2013;23(2):142–150.
5. Kanczkowski W, et al. Hypothalamo-pituitary and immune-dependent adrenal regulation during systemic inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(36):14801–14806.
6. Chortis V, Breault DT. Inflammation-induced adrenal dysfunction. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023;19(11):622–623.