NEW APPROACHES IN EDUCATION: PEDAGOGY, INNOVATION, AND DEVELOPMENT
The International Scientific Conference "New Approaches in Education: Pedagogy, Innovation, and Development" aims to bring together educators, researchers, scholars, and practitioners from around the world to exchange ideas, share experiences, and explore innovative strategies in the field of education. This conference serves as a global platform for discussing modern pedagogical trends, digital transformation in education, educational psychology, inclusive learning environments, and innovative teaching methods. Participants will have the opportunity to present their research findings, discuss pressing educational issues, and establish international academic collaborations.
MAKTABGACHA TA’LIM TASHKILOTLARIDA INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALARNI TADBIQ ETISH
Ushbu maqolada Respublikamizda qabul qilingan bir qator me’yoriy hujjatlarda, ta’lim sohasiga yangi innovatsion texnologiyalardan, jumladan, multimedia texnologiyasidan foydalanishning dolzarb masala ekanligi qayd etilgan. Hozirgi kunda ta’lim sohasida multimediaga asoslangan elektron darslik, qo‘llanma va turli elektron didaktik vositalar yaratilib foydalanib ulardan keng qo‘llanilgan. Аmmo maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotlarida ta’lim-tarbiya jarayonida multimedia texnologiyasidan foydalanish va shu asosda mashg‘ulotlar jarayonida innovatsion uslublarni tatbiq etish imkoniyatlari yetarlicha ishlab chiqilmagan. Uzluksiz ta’lim tizimining birinchi turi bo‘lgan maktabgacha ta’limda tashkilotlarida ham innovatsion texnologiyalarni izlash, ishlab chiqish va amaliyotga tatbiq etish bugungi kunning dolzarb vazifasi hisoblanish haqida fikr bildirilgan. Ushbu maqolada, maktabgacha ta’lim tashkiloti tizimida innovatsion texnologiyalardan foydalanish haqida fikr va mulohazalar yoritib o‘tilgan.
BO‘LAJAK BOSHLANG‘ICH TA’LIM O‘QITUVCHILARINI TARBIYAVIY ISHLARGA TAYYORLASH FUNKSIYALARI
Bugungi kunda boshlang‘ich talim muassasalarida o‘qituvchining ustozlik qobiliyatlarini yanada qo‘llab-quvvatlash va rag‘batlantirish, ular faoliyatini boshqarish va tashkil etishning maxsus tizimini yaratish, o‘quvchilarda milliy va umuminsoniy qadriyatlarga nisbatan hurmatni shakllantirish, ularning ma’naviy, axloqiy, intelektual va jismoniy rivojlanishi darajasini yanada oshirish, bilimlarini takomillashtirish asosida ilm-ma’rifat bo‘yicha targ‘ibot tashviqot ishlarini amalga oshirish, o‘quvchi-yoshlarni kamolotga yetkazish o‘z ishida aniq natijalarga erishadigan, XXI asrda hamma narsaga qodir bo‘ladigan, dunyoga taniladigan, sog‘lom tafakkurga ega bo‘ladigan bo‘lajak o‘qituvchi faoliyatni tashkil etish alohida ahamiyatga ega. Bu borada tarbiya jarayonini boshqarish madaniyatini rivojlantirish, o‘quvchi-yoshlarda axloqiy fazilatlarga ega bo‘lish san’ati va ko‘nikmasini amalga oshirish, ishbilarmon, bilim darajasi, ustozlik mahorati, ongi, jamiyatdagi obro‘si, o‘zini ijobiy tarzda namoyon qilishi, maqsadli ravishda ish olib borishi, dunyoqarashi, tanqidiy fikrlashi, jamoadagi muhitni sezishi, eng muhimi olib borayotgan ish faoliyatini aniq rejalashtirishi, turli-tuman vaziyatlarni tahlil qila olishi, o‘quvchilarning o‘ziga jalb etishi va ishontira olishi, so‘z bilan ish birligini ta’minlashi kabilar o‘qituvchining asosiy kompetensiyalari hisoblanadi. Chunki o‘qituvchi tarbiyaviy ishlarni amalga oshirishda o‘z vazifasini puxta va halol bajarishi, o‘quvchilar faoliyatini takomillashtirish va ularning mas’uliyati va ma’naviyatini yuksaltirishda o‘z samarasini ko‘rsatadi. O‘qituvchining kasb mahorati va zamonaviy tafakkurga ega bo‘lishi, tarbiya jarayonini boshqarishda har tamonlama to‘g‘ri qarorlar qabul qila olishi, belgilangan maqsadlarga erishishda aniq vazifalarni nafaqat ta’lim-tarbiya ishlarini olib borishda, balki jamiyatning taraqqiy etishida katta kuch vazifasini bajaradi. Shuning uchun u avvalo, o‘quvchilarning hayotiy darajalarini puxta bilishi va bu sohada iloji boricha katta tajriba hosil qilishi muhim.
MECHANISMS FOR INCREASING LEGAL LITERACY THROUGH THE CONTINUING EDUCATION SYSTEM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM)
The article discusses the scientific and theoretical foundations of improving legal literacy in the continuing education system and the mechanisms for effectively implementing this process in preschool educational organizations. The importance of the cooperation of teachers, parents and the public in the formation of legal awareness and culture in students is also analyzed.
O‘QUV JARAYONIDA INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISH
ushbu maqolada raqamli texnologiyalarning hayotimizdagi o‘rni,o‘quv jarayonida innovatsion texnologiyalardan foydalanishning ahamiyati, ularni darslarda qo‘llash haqida fikr yuritilgan. Shuningdek, darslarda o‘qitishning yangi pedagogik texnologiyalaridan foydalanishda talaba yoki o‘quvchi shaxsi bilan muloqot olib borish, uning usullari, dars davomida turli metodlardan foydalanish, ijodkor-o‘qituvchi, izlanuvchan-o‘qituvchi masalalari ustida ham bahs olib borilgan. Maqola davomida turli innovatsion texnologiyalardan, usullardan foydalanib o‘quvchi-yoshlarga mashg‘ulot olib borish istiqbollari hamda ulardan kutilayotgan natijalar haqida fikr boradi. Unda yozma ishlarning turli ko‘rinishlari, ularning ahamiyati, yozma ishni yozishdagi qonun-qoidalar, o‘quvchi ongiga va dunyoqarashiga taʼsiri haqida gap boradi.
THE EFFECT OF SOWING DATES AND SEEDLING DENSITY ON THE NUMBER AND MASS OF SUGAR BEET LEAVES
In this article, data and analysis results are presented regarding the effects of sowing dates and plant densities on the number and mass of sugar-beet leaves. It was observed that among the sugar-beet varieties, “Eldona” showed superiority in terms of leaf number and leaf mass, having 2.3–3.1 more leaves and 12.8–14.5 g greater leaf mass compared to the “Sado” variety. Regardless of the variety, when sugar beet was sown during the period of March 20–30, it produced 2.0–2.5 more leaves and 11.0–12.5 g greater leaf mass compared to sowing during April 5–15. Increasing plant density from 83,000 to 166,000 plants per hectare, however, caused the number of leaves to decrease from 6.5 to 12.5 leaves and the leaf mass to decrease from 23.0 g to 36.0 g.
РОЛЬ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОММУНИКАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В РАЗВИТИИ ЧИТАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ В НАЧАЛЬНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ
В настоящее время развитие информационно-коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ) оказывает значительное влияние на системы образования во всём мире. Внедрение ИКТ в начальное образование открыло новые возможности для совершенствования процессов обучения и преподавания, особенно в развитии читательской грамотности. В данной статье рассматривается роль ИКТ в повышении уровня читательской грамотности учащихся начальных классов. Анализируются значение читательской грамотности, преимущества использования цифровых технологий в образовании, а также эффективные стратегии интеграции ИКТ в процесс обучения чтению. Результаты показывают, что систематическое и целенаправленное использование ИКТ способствует повышению мотивации учащихся, развитию навыков понимания текста и формированию самостоятельной учебной деятельности.
Анализ платформ для краудфандинга: сравнение и тенденции
В статье рассматриваются основные модели краудфандинга, применяемые в странах Евразийского экономического союза, а также проводится сравнительный анализ функционирования отдельных платформ на примере Республики Беларусь. Выявлены доминирующие модели финансирования, определены ключевые тенденции развития отрасли и обозначены проблемы институционального и нормативного характера.
Furniture names in English and Uzbek phraseological units
Phraseological units, commonly known as idioms, represent a fascinating aspect of linguistic expression, encapsulating cultural, historical, and social nuances within fixed word combinations. This study explores phraseological units incorporating furniture names in English and Uzbek languages, highlighting their semantic structures, cultural connotations, and comparative features. In English, idioms such as "sweep something under the rug" (to hide a problem) [1] and "armchair critic" (someone who offers opinions without active involvement) [2] often draw from everyday household items to convey metaphorical meanings related to secrecy, criticism, or familiarity. In Uzbek, similar units like "stol ustida" (literally "on the table," meaning openly or transparently, akin to English "on the table") [3] and "karavotdan tushmaslik" (not getting out of bed, implying prolonged illness or laziness) [4] reflect practical and cultural attitudes toward domestic life. The analysis reveals that while English phraseological units tend to emphasize psychological or social dynamics, Uzbek ones often tie into communal values and everyday pragmatism. Through a comparative lens, this work demonstrates how furniture-related idioms serve as mirrors of societal norms, with English examples showing greater abstraction and Uzbek ones retaining closer ties to literal interpretations. The study draws on linguistic corpora, dictionaries, and cultural texts to underscore the importance of these units in cross-linguistic understanding, contributing to fields like translation studies and cultural linguistics. Overall, it argues for the preservation and study of such expressions in an era of globalization, where linguistic diversity risks erosion.
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS AS KEY ELEMENTS OF MODERN AGRICULTURE
Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential macronutrients that play a fundamental role in modern agricultural systems. This article examines the significance of these nutrients in plant growth, development, and yield formation. Particular attention is given to the physiological functions of nitrogen and phosphorus, their role in photosynthesis, energy transfer, root development, and crop productivity. The interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus and the importance of their balanced application for efficient nutrient uptake are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper addresses environmental considerations associated with the excessive use of mineral fertilizers and emphasizes the necessity of scientifically based and sustainable nutrient management practices. The findings highlight that the rational use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is crucial for maintaining soil fertility, improving crop yields, and ensuring environmental sustainability in modern agriculture.
MAHALLIY XOMASHYO VA IKKILAMCHI RESURSLAR ASOSIDA CHIQINDI AVTOMOTOR MOYLARINI TOZALASH VA QAYTA TIKLASH UCHUN SAMARALI POLI(ELEKTROLIT)LAR SINTEZI VA ULARNI AMALIYOTGA JORIY ETISH
Mazkur tezisda mahalliy xomashyo va ikkilamchi resurslar asosida sintez qilingan samarali poli(elektrolit)lardan foydalanib chiqindi avtomotor moylarini tozalash va qayta tiklash masalalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqot jarayonida poli(elektrolit)larning flokulyatsion va adsorbsion xossalari o‘rganilib, ularning mexanik aralashmalar, smola-asfalt moddalar hamda og‘ir metall ionlarini ajratib olishdagi samaradorligi baholandi. Olingan natijalar taklif etilayotgan texnologiyaning ekologik xavfsizligi, iqtisodiy samaradorligi va amaliy ahamiyatga ega ekanligini ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu yondashuv chiqindi avtomotor moylarini qayta ishlash darajasini oshirish va atrof-muhitga salbiy ta’sirni kamaytirishga xizmat qiladi.
THE EFFECT OF COMBINED ACUPUNCTURE AND PHYSIOTHERAPY ON PAIN INTENSITY DURING THE REHABILITATION PERIOD OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and functional impairment, particularly during rehabilitation phases where pain management is crucial for improving quality of life. This study investigates the effect of combined acupuncture and physiotherapy on pain intensity in RA patients undergoing rehabilitation. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 participants divided into three groups: combined acupuncture and physiotherapy (n=40), acupuncture alone (n=40), and physiotherapy alone (n=40). Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks post-intervention. Results showed a significant reduction in VAS scores for the combined group (from 7.2 ± 1.5 to 3.1 ± 1.2, p<0.001) compared to individual therapies. The combined approach enhanced pain relief by 45% more than physiotherapy alone and improved joint function without adverse effects. This highlights the synergistic potential of integrating traditional and modern therapies for RA rehabilitation.
ARRID ZONADA JOYLASHGAN O‘SMALARNI JARROHLIK YO‘LI BILAN DAVOLASH NATIJALARI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada oshqozon-ichak traktining arrid zonasida joylashgan o‘smalarni jarrohlik yo‘li bilan davolash natijalari tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqotda qizilo‘ngach, oshqozon va ichaklarning o‘tish sohalarida joylashgan o‘smalar bilan og‘rigan bemorlarga bajarilgan jarrohlik aralashuvlari baholandi. Operatsiyalarning hajmi, radikalligi hamda operatsiyadan keyingi asoratlar va uzoq muddatli omon qolish ko‘rsatkichlari o‘rganildi.
When Goods Became Data: The Barcode as an Economic Infrastructure
Abstract. The barcode is widely perceived as a retail convenience technology; however, its economic significance extends far beyond point-of-sale efficiency. This article examines the barcode as a foundational standard that transformed physical goods into machine-readable data, enabling real-time measurement, coordination, and optimization across supply chains. Using a mixed analytical approach that combines historical analysis, institutional review, and secondary data synthesis, the study investigates how barcode standardization reduced transaction costs, improved inventory accuracy, accelerated turnover rates, and facilitated the emergence of data-driven retail and logistics models. The findings suggest that barcode adoption functioned as an infrastructural innovation, reshaping market transparency and operational efficiency while enabling second-order effects such as just-in-time production, platform economies, and globalized distribution networks. The article contributes to the literature on economic standardization by framing the barcode not as a marginal technological tool, but as a critical mechanism through which modern capitalism became quantifiable, scalable, and digitally integrated.
Challenges of Real-World Materials in English Language Learning
This article critically examines the challenges of using authentic materials in language classrooms. While real-world resources offer valuable exposure to natural language, they often present difficulties related to level appropriateness, length, cultural bias, and linguistic complexity. Drawing on scholarly perspectives, the study highlights the need for careful selection to ensure effective and meaningful learning outcomes.
EFFECT OF SOWING DATES AND FERTILIZING NORMS ON BIOLOGICAL DRY MASS YIELD OF REPEATED SUNFLOWER VARIETIES
This article describes the accumulation of biological dry matter in sunflower varieties intended for secondary crop. Based on the results, the “Diyor” and “Jahongir” sunflower varieties have average dry matter of 81.0 and 155.3 q/ha, respectively.
EFFECT OF STIMULATORS AND SILICON COMPLEX FERTILIZERS ON THE NUMBER OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES
This article presents data on the effect of separate and combined application of stimulants and silicon complex fertilizers on soybean varieties on their number of branches. It was found that stimulants and silicon complex fertilizers had a good effect on the number of number of branches, and in both varieties, the number of branches was higher when using Maltamin from the stimulants, when comparing stimulants with silicon complex fertilizer, and when using stimulants with silicon complex, silicon complex fertilizer + Maltamin was taken highest number of branches.
Применения искусственного интеллекта в хирургии
Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) стремительно развивается в сфере здравоохранения, однако его применение в хирургии всё ещё находится на относительно ранней стадии. Появление foundation-моделей, носимых технологий и совершенствование инфраструктуры хирургических данных способствуют быстрому развитию ИИ-инструментов и расширению их возможностей. Мы обсуждаем, как созревающие методы ИИ могут улучшить исходы лечения, повысить качество хирургического образования и оптимизировать организацию хирургической помощи. Кроме того, рассматриваются текущие применения глубокого обучения и перспективы его развития с использованием мультимодальных foundation-моделей.
The Role of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Developing Digital Skills
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has heightened the need for effective methods to develop digital skills. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have emerged as innovative tools that offer immersive and interactive learning environments. This paper examines the role of VR and AR in enhancing digital skill acquisition through a systematic literature review of recent studies. The findings highlight the benefits of these technologies in increasing learner engagement, improving practical skills, fostering soft skills, and providing personalized learning experiences. Despite challenges such as high costs and technical barriers, VR and AR hold significant potential to transform education and training, preparing learners for the demands of the digital age.
TERAK VA TOL ARALASHMASIDAN SUVDA ERUVCHI VITAMINLARNI YUSSX USULIDA ANIQLASH VA ULARNING SALOMATLIKKA TA’SIRI
Mazkur tadqiqotda terak va tol xomashyosidan 1:1 nisbatda tayyorlangan o‘simlik aralashmasining suvda eruvchi vitaminlar tarkibi YuSSX yordamida tahlil qilindi. B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, PP va C vitaminlari aniqlanib, ularning miqdoriy ko‘rsatkichlari baholandi. B12 vitamini mavjud emasligi qayd etildi. Natijalar ekstraktning inson salomatligi uchun suvda eruvchi vitaminlar manbai ekanini ko‘rsatadi.
O‘YINCHILAR HARAKATLARI VAQT O‘ZGARUVCHI KOEFFITSIENTLI DIFFERENSIAL O‘YIN MASALALARI
Mazkur tezis vaqt o‘zgaruvchi koeffitsientli differensial o‘yin masalalarida o‘yinchilar harakatlari va strategiyalarini tadqiq etishga bag‘ishlangan. Ishda deterministik differensial o‘yinlar uchun matematik modellar ko‘rib chiqilib, vaqtga bog‘liq parametrlarning o‘yin dinamikasiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs tenglamalari asosida optimal strategiyalarni aniqlash masalalari yoritilib, sonli modellashtirish orqali olingan natijalar nazariy xulosalarni tasdiqlaydi.
BADIIY XRONOTOPNING O‘ZBEK NASRIDAGI ILK ILDIZLARI TALQINI
Badiiy asardagi makon va zamon, vaqt beliglar, oylar, yillar va uning turli rakurslarda yuzaga chiqish omillari borasida anchayin ilmiy tadqiqotlar boshlab yuborildi. Ushbu tadqiqotlarning aksariyati tarix va hayot haqiqatini uzviylikda olib borish, mumtoz va yangi davr nasridagi an’ana hamda noan’ana orasidagi chegarani aniqlash, milliy romanchilik tizimidagi o‘ziga xosliklarni dalolatlashga qaratilgani sir emas. XV asrdan keyin o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyotidagi janrlar konsepsiyasida bir xillikdan ko‘p xillikka, nasriy asarlarning taraqqiy etishiga katta urinishlar bo‘ldi. Mumtoz adiblarimiz asarlarining badiiy-estetik qiymati, undagi falsafiy-psixologik nuqtalar, odam va olam haqidagi qarrashlar sintezi mavjud muammolarning barham topishiga imkon berdi. O‘z-o‘zidan ayonki, badiiy makon va zamon orasidagi muayyan sodir bo‘ladigan vaqtning intensiv ko‘rinishi yozuvchi yoki shoirlar tomonidan to‘qimalar negizida real mohiyat kasb etdi. Unda har qanday olib chiqilgan rivoyaviy masala teranlashuvi kuzatildi.
Сравнительный анализ ОКТ-показателей в зависимости от стадии хронической ишемии мозга
Хроническая ишемия мозга (ХИМ) представляет собой одно из наиболее распространённых цереброваскулярных заболеваний, сопровождающееся прогрессирующим нарушением микроциркуляции и трофики головного мозга (1,2). Поскольку сосуды сетчатки и мозга имеют общее анатомо-физиологическое строение, офтальмологические методы, особенно оптическая когерентная томография (ОКТ), позволяют неинвазивно оценивать микроциркуляторные и нейродегенеративные изменения, коррелирующие с цереброваскулярными расстройствами (3,4,5).
YILLIK SIKLDA BOKSCHILARNI TAYYORLASHNI REJALASHTIRISHNING NAZARIY XUSUSIYATLARI
Mazkur maqolada bokschilarni yillik siklda tayyorlashni rejalashtirishning nazariy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Sport tayyorgarligini periodizatsiya tamoyillari asosida tashkil etish, yuklama va tiklanish jarayonlarining uyg‘unligi hamda tayyorgarlik, musobaqa va o‘tish davrlarining mazmuni yoritiladi. Shuningdek, boks sport turining o‘ziga xos jihatlari nuqtayi nazaridan yillik siklni rejalashtirishning ahamiyati asoslab beriladi.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ ЗРЕНИЯ У ВОЕННЫХ ОПЕРАТОРОВ БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ
Широкое внедрение беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) в современных вооружённых конфликтах привело к формированию новой профессиональной группы — военных операторов БПЛА, чья деятельность основана на длительном непрерывном зрительном контроле экранов (видеопоток, карты, телеметрия, интерфейсы управления) при высокой ответственности за точность решений. Такая «экран-зависимая» нагрузка закономерно повышает риск цифрового зрительного утомления (digital eye strain) и связанных с ним функциональных расстройств, включая астенопию, колебания остроты зрения, нарушения аккомодационно-вергенционных механизмов, головную боль и симптомы со стороны глазной поверхности (жжение, сухость, слезотечение, покраснение) (1,2). В структуре экран-ассоциированных офтальмологических проблем ведущую роль занимают нарушения глазной поверхности по типу синдрома «сухого глаза» и/или дисфункции мейбомиевых желёз, что связано со снижением частоты и полноценности моргания и ростом испарения слёзной плёнки (3).
СВЯЗЬ МЕЖДУ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬЮ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ И УРОВНЕМ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ МОТИВАЦИИ СОТРУДНИКОВ
В статье исследуется взаимосвязь между эффективностью планирования времени и уровнем профессиональной мотивации сотрудников. Проведено анкетирование 150 работников различных организаций с использованием шкал Time Management Behavior Scale и Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale. Результаты показывают положительную корреляцию между навыками тайм-менеджмента и мотивацией, что свидетельствует о значимости развития умений планирования времени для повышения вовлечённости и производительности персонала. Работа содержит рекомендации по внедрению программ развития тайм-менеджмента для улучшения мотивационного климата в организациях.
AXBOROT-KOMMUNIKATSIYA VOSITALARIDAN FOYDALANISH ASOSIDA BOʻLAJAK OʻQITUVCHILARNING AUDITORIYADAN TASHQARI MUSTAQIL ISHLARI SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH
Berilgan maqolada boʻlajak oʻqituvchilarda axborot kommunikatsiya vositalaridan foydalanish asosida boʻlajak oʻqituvchilarning аудиториядан ташқари mustaqil taʼlimini tashkil qilishning ilmiy jihatlari, auditoriyadan tashqari mustaqil ishlarining nazariy va amaliy asoslari haqida ma’lumot berilgan boʻlib, talabalarning va boʻlajak pedagoglarning mustaqil ishlashlari uchun lozim boʼladigan jarayonlar mazmunan tadqiq qilingan.
ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT'S FINANCING OF PROJECTS IN PRIVATE BUSINESS
This article is devoted to the issues of effective organization of project financing through bank loans. The study analyzes the essence of project financing, the role of banks in this process, and factors that contribute to increasing efficiency. It also studies the importance of risk management, the introduction of long-term and favorable interest loans in financing projects through bank loans. Successful financing methods are shown on the example of foreign experience and the possibilities of adapting them to the conditions of Uzbekistan are suggested. The results of the article offer practical recommendations for increasing the efficiency of project financing in banks and help improve the financing process.
PROPERTIES OF GAMMA-AMINO ACID AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN MEDICINE.
This article examines the importance of gamma-aminobutyric acid and amino acids for the human body. Their functions are also described. All the functions of GABA in the body are covered in detail.
METHODOLOGY FOR ENSURING INTERDISCIPLINARY CONNECTIONS IN TEACHING UZBEK MUSIC HISTORY TO STUDENTS
This study examines methodological approaches to ensuring interdisciplinary integration in teaching Uzbek Music History to students in higher music education. Contemporary music pedagogy increasingly recognizes that historical musical knowledge cannot be effectively taught in isolation from related disciplines such as ethnomusicology, literature, history, philosophy, linguistics, and cultural studies. In the Uzbek context, musical traditions such as maqom, folk genres, and twentieth-century professional composition are deeply intertwined with poetic texts, social institutions, religious thought, and historical processes. The article analyzes how interdisciplinary connections can be systematically incorporated into curriculum design, teaching strategies, and assessment practices. Drawing on international educational theory and music pedagogy research, the paper argues that interdisciplinary teaching enhances students’ analytical thinking, cultural awareness, and professional competence.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MATHEMATICS IN PRODUCTION
This paper explores the significant role of mathematics in production processes. It highlights how mathematical methods such as optimization, statistical quality control, and simulation contribute to improving efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing product quality. The study combines theoretical analysis with empirical data to demonstrate the practical benefits of applying mathematical tools in manufacturing. The findings underscore the necessity of integrating mathematics in modern production systems to achieve sustainable development and competitive advantage.
Hydrodynamic Model of the Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system plays a critical role in maintaining physiological homeostasis by ensuring effective blood circulation throughout the body. This paper presents a hydrodynamic model that integrates the principles of fluid mechanics and vessel wall elasticity to simulate pulsatile blood flow within compliant arteries. The model employs one-dimensional flow equations derived from the Navier-Stokes framework and incorporates realistic boundary conditions to mimic cardiac and peripheral vascular dynamics. Validation against clinical measurements demonstrates the model’s accuracy in replicating physiological pressure and flow waveforms. Sensitivity analysis highlights the model's capacity to capture hemodynamic changes associated with vascular stiffness, making it a valuable tool for studying cardiovascular health and disease. This integrative approach offers significant potential for advancing diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
YURTIMIZ TARIXIDA AYOLLARNING YETUKLIKKA INTILISHI, ILMGA BO‘LGAN EXTIYOJ
Yurtimiz tarixida yuz bergan turli jarayonlar millatimiz ayollari taqdiriga ta’sir etmay qolmadi. Ona yurtimiz, millatimiz ravnaqi, ilmu ma'rifati yo'lida jon bergan bobolarimiz va momolarimiz nomlarini takror-takror tilga olgan daqiqalarda ularning ezgu g'oyalari qalbimizda tirilgani sayin o'zimiz ham ana shu buyuk kuch Ona Vatan sha'ni, qadri uchun ilm olishimiz, kurashishimiz, yashashimiz va ijod qilishimiz kerakligini yanada chuqurroq anglay boshlaymiz. Ajdodlarimiz onalarga millat egasi sifatida qarashgan. Axir buyuk insonlarni ilm-ma'rifati yuksak onalar yetishtiradi. Millatimizda katta olima, shoira va faqiha ayollar ko'p bo'lgan. Jadid ayollar mavzusi esa alohida tadqiqotlarni talab qiladi. Eng avvalo, jadid bobolarimiz o'sha zamon kishilari ongida xotin-qizlarga bo'lgan alohida hurmat va ehtirom tuyg'usini uyg'ota bilgan. Ular millat farzandlarini “qo'li to'qmoq, boshi pahmoq” ezilgan ayollar tarbiyalashini istamagan. “Biz qizlarimizga o'g'il bolalardan kam e'tibor qaratmasligimiz kerak”ligini qayta-qayta ta'kidlashgan.
Using Artificial Intelligence in the Learning Process
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming the educational landscape by enabling personalized, adaptive, and efficient learning experiences. This paper explores the role of AI technologies in enhancing the learning process through intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive content delivery, automated assessment, and data analytics. By reviewing recent advancements and practical implementations, the study highlights how AI can improve learner engagement, optimize educational outcomes, and support educators. The paper also discusses key challenges such as data privacy, ethical considerations, and equitable access to technology. Finally, future directions for research and development are proposed to ensure responsible and effective integration of AI in education.
Psixologik salomatlikning inson hayotidagi o‘rni va unga erishish
Mazkur maqolada Psixologik salomatlikning inson hayotidagi o‘rni va unga erishish masalasi tahlil qilinadi. Unda psixologik salomatlik tushunchasining mazmun-mohiyati, asosiy tarkibiy qismlari, unga ta’sir etuvchi omillar hamda zamonaviy jamiyat sharoitida uchraydigan muammolar hamda ularni bartaraf etishga qaratilgan yo‘llar haqida fikr yuritilgan.
VICTIMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES WITHIN FAMILY AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS AND MEASURES FOR THEIR PREVENTION
Crimes within family and domestic relations pose a significant threat to social well-being and individual safety, particularly in Uzbekistan where traditional cultural values influence victimization and reporting patterns. This article provides a victimological analysis of family-related crimes, focusing on the vulnerabilities of victims, socio-cultural factors, and institutional challenges. It also examines preventive measures, including legal reforms, public awareness campaigns, and support services designed to protect victims and reduce the incidence of domestic crimes. The findings highlight the need for a multi-faceted approach that combines legal, social, and educational strategies to create safer family environments and uphold victims’ rights.
Oliy ta’lim muassasasida inklyuziv madaniyatni shakllantirish
Tezisda inklyuziv madaniyatning mavjud tushunchalari tahlili, ushbu tushunchaning mualliflik ta’rifi, inklyuziv madaniyat haqida tushunchalar mazmuni keng ochib berilgan. Bundan tashqari tezisda oliy ta’lim muassasasida inklyuziv madaniyatning asosiy elementlari haqida ham to’xtalib o’tilgan . OTMda inklyuziv madaniyatni shakllantirish bo‘yicha ishlarning asosiy yo‘nalishlari va unda uchraydigan bir qancha to‘siqlar, ularni bartaraf etish yo’llari : oliy o‘quv yurtida inklyuziv madaniyatni shakllantirish istiqbollari, inklyuziv madaniyatni shakllantirishning tarkibiy qismlari haqida tushuntirib o’tilgan.