INTEGRATION OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
INTEGRATION OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS - Conference proceedings are recommended for scientists and teachers in higher education establishments. They can be used in education, including the process of post - graduate teaching, preparation for obtain bachelors' and masters' degrees. The review of all articles was accomplished by experts, materials are according to authors copyright. The authors are responsible for content, researches results and errors.
Sabzavot, poliz va kartoshkachilikni jadallashtirishda progressiv texnologiyalardan foydalanish.
Ushbu maqolada sabzavot, poliz va kartoshkachilikni jadallashtirishda intensiv usullar va zamonaviy progressiv texnologiyalardan foydalanishning afzalliklari haqida fikr –mulohazalar bayon qilingan.
TOPIC: PROSPECTS OF VIRTUAL, AUGMENTED AND MIXED REALITY
This article discusses the future development prospects of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) technologies. The problems that immersive technologies may pose in the period up to 2030 and their solutions are studied.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS AND PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MUCOSA IN METABOLIC SYNDROME
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted disorder characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, often linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis and subsequent alterations in the intestinal barrier. This study investigates the relationships between gut microbiota disruption and pathomorphological changes in the mucous membrane of the digestive system among patients with MetS. Utilizing advanced sequencing and histological analyses, we demonstrate that dysbiosis, marked by reduced microbial diversity and shifts in bacterial taxa, correlates with increased intestinal permeability, mucosal inflammation, and epithelial damage. These findings highlight the role of microbial metabolites and endotoxemia in exacerbating MetS pathology, offering insights into potential microbiota-targeted interventions for improving gut barrier integrity and metabolic health.
LINGUISTIC AND PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PHENOMENON OF MULTILINGUALISM IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
The increasing linguistic diversity within global societies necessitates a critical re-evaluation of educational paradigms, particularly at the primary level where foundational cognitive and linguistic skills are established. This paper investigates the linguistic and pedagogical foundations underpinning the phenomenon of multilingualism in early schooling, arguing that viewing multilingualism as a dynamic resource, rather than a deficit, is crucial for maximizing academic and social outcomes. Linguistically, the analysis draws upon theories of Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) and translanguaging, which challenge monolingual norms by demonstrating the interconnectedness of languages in the developing mind. Pedagogically, the paper explores instructional models, such as additive bilingualism programs and content and language integrated learning (CLIL), that leverage children’s full linguistic repertoires to enhance cognitive flexibility, metalinguistic awareness, and cultural competence. The successful integration of multilingualism requires significant shifts in teacher training, curriculum design, and assessment strategies to validate and activate the linguistic capital that multilingual learners bring into the classroom environment.
A PROFESSIONAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO IDENTIFYING HEARING IMPAIRMENTS IN CHILDREN
Hearing impairment in children significantly disrupts speech, language, and cognitive development, often resulting in long-term educational, social, and emotional challenges if not addressed early. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 34 million children under the age of 15 worldwide live with disabling hearing loss, with nearly 60% of these cases being preventable through timely screening, vaccination, and improved maternal and child health practices. In developed nations like the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that 2 to 3 per 1,000 newborns have detectable hearing loss, highlighting the importance of universal newborn hearing screening programs. However, the prevalence of mild to moderate hearing losses remains underestimated globally due to factors such as delayed parental recognition, socioeconomic barriers, and insufficient awareness among primary care providers, including pediatricians. In many instances, these impairments are only identified between the ages of 3 and 7 years, missing critical windows for intervention. Parents of children exhibiting developmental delays, particularly in speech and language (such as developmental language disorder or speech sound disorders), commonly seek assistance from speech-language pathologists, educational defectologists, or neurologists, frequently bypassing specialized otolaryngologists (ENT doctors) or audiologists (surdologists), whose roles are often underrecognized in many regions. The diagnosis and rehabilitation of sensorineural hearing loss or deafness in young children pose substantial challenges in pediatric audiology, primarily because conventional behavioral audiometry, like pure-tone audiometry, is unreliable in children under 3 years due to their limited cognitive and motor responses. Objective electrophysiological and acoustic methods, including otoacoustic emissions (OAE), auditory brainstem response (ABR), and multi-frequency auditory steady-state response (ASSR), serve as the cornerstone for accurate hearing assessment in this demographic, enabling early detection and tailored interventions. This study, conducted at a research institute, examined 46 children presenting with primary speech delay complaints through a multidisciplinary lens, involving neurological, speech-language, and audiological evaluations. Findings revealed that auditory dysfunction underpinned 39.1% of speech delay cases, underscoring the imperative to integrate routine hearing screenings into standard protocols for developmental delays. Prioritizing such assessments before commencing rehabilitative therapies aligns with international guidelines from organizations like the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) and can substantially enhance developmental outcomes, reduce societal burdens, and support global health initiatives aimed at preventing avoidable disabilities in children.
Маҳмудхўжа Беҳбудий, Мунавварқори Абдурашидхонов сингари Туркистон жадидлари халқни қолоқлик ва диний хурофотдан озод этиш, шариат тамойилларини ислоҳ қилиш, халққа маърифат тарқатиш ва миллий мухториятга эришиш гоясини илгари сурадилар. Жадидлар миллий бирлик, маънавий-маърифий ислохотлар билан жамиятни янгилаш, юксалтириш йўлларини излаганлар. Ушбу курс ишида ана шу ҳақида сўз боради.
INTESTINAL MICROFLORA IN THE GENESIS OF IMMUNE DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT BRONCHITIS
In recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that, under physiological conditions, the intestinal microflora plays a crucial regulatory role, promoting the maturation of the immune system and maintaining its balanced functioning throughout life. Despite numerous studies on the etiology, epidemiology, and diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis, many pathogenetic mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. The interdependence between the immune and microecological systems in the child’s body underscores the scientific and clinical relevance of investigating immune function in children with recurrent bronchitis in the context of intestinal dysbiosis.
MAMLAKATDAGI MEHNAT UNUMIGA SALBIY TA’SIR KO‘RSATAYOTGAN OMILLAR
O‘zbekistonda keyingi yillarda xo‘jalik yurituvchi subyektlarning mehnat unumiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatayotgan omillar jadal tus olib bormoqda. Bu o‘rinda erishilgan va turli manbalarda batafsil yoritilgan muvaffaqiyatlarni yana bir bor tavsiflab o‘tirishga hojat yo‘q. Muallif maqolada korxonalar mehnat unumiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatayotgan omillar haqida gapiradi. Mamlakatdagi mehnat unumiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatayotgan omillardan biri joylarda innovatsion texnologiyalarni ishlab chiqarishga tatbiq etishning sust ketayotgani bilan bog‘liq.
Aholining moliyaviy savodxonligini oshirish – iqtisodiy barqarorlik garovi
Ushbu maqolada moliyaviy savodxonlik tushunchasi, uning zamonaviy iqtisodiyotdagi o‘rni hamda iqtisodiy barqarorlikka ta’siri ilmiy asosda tahlil qilingan. Jahon tajribasi asosida aholi moliyaviy madaniyatini oshirishning dolzarbligi, uni oshirish vositalari va samarali strategiyalar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, O‘zbekistonda moliyaviy savodxonlikni rivojlantirish yo‘lida amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar, muammolar va yechimlar tahlil qilingan. Maqolada xorijiy olimlarning ilmiy qarashlari, xalqaro tadqiqotlar natijalari asosida O‘zbekiston uchun taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.
Iqtisodiyotni raqamlashtirish – taraqqiyotning asosi
Mazkur ilmiy maqolada iqtisodiyotni raqamlashtirish jarayonining mohiyati, uning zamonaviy taraqqiyotdagi o‘rni va roli, raqamli texnologiyalarning iqtisodiy tizimlarga ta’siri, raqamlashtirishning ijobiy va salbiy oqibatlari, shuningdek, O‘zbekistonda bu boradagi amaliyot va istiqbolli yo‘nalishlar tahlil qilinadi. Dunyo olimlari fikrlariga tayangan holda, raqamlashtirishning iqtisodiy samaradorlikni oshirish, korrupsiyani kamaytirish, moliyaviy inklyuziyani ta’minlashdagi o‘rni asoslab beriladi. Maqola davomida ilg‘or davlatlar tajribasi hamda O‘zbekiston misolida amalga oshirilayotgan raqamli islohotlar o‘rganiladi.
Agrotexnologiyalar va qishloq xo‘jaligi iqtisodiyoti
Ushbu maqolada agrotexnologiyalarni joriy etish orqali qishloq xo‘jaligi iqtisodiyotini modernizatsiya qilish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli texnologiyalar, sun’iy intellekt, dronlar, IoT va avtomatlashtirilgan tizimlarning qishloq xo‘jaligidagi iqtisodiy samaradorligi ilmiy asosda yoritiladi. Shuningdek, O‘zbekistondagi mavjud tajribalar, muammolar va xalqaro amaliyot asosida tavsiyalar ishlab chiqiladi.
Kriptovalyutalar va milliy iqtisodiy xavfsizlik
Ushbu maqolada kriptovalyutalarning zamonaviy iqtisodiyotdagi roli, ularning moliyaviy tizimga ta’siri va milliy iqtisodiy xavfsizlikka tahdidlari ilmiy nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilingan. Kriptovalyutalarning texnologik xususiyatlari, transchegaraviy xususiyati, markaziy banklar nazoratidan chetda faoliyat yuritishi sababli iqtisodiy suverenitetka qanday xavf tug‘dirishi ochib berilgan. Shuningdek, kriptovalyutalarning ijobiy jihatlari – investitsion imkoniyatlar, moliyaviy inklyuziya va innovatsion texnologiyalarni rivojlantirishdagi roli ham ko‘rib chiqiladi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasida kriptoaktivlar faoliyatining huquqiy asoslari, “Raqamli aktivlar to‘g‘risida”gi qonun va tartibga soluvchi institutlar roli keng yoritilgan. Xalqaro tajribalar bilan qiyoslab, iqtisodiy xavfsizlikni ta’minlashda moliyaviy monitoring, “KYC/AML” tizimlari, soliq nazorati va kripto bozorni qonuniylashtirishning dolzarb masalalari muhokama qilinadi. Muallif kriptovalyutalarni xavf-xatarlar bilan emas, balki samarali boshqariladigan imkoniyatlar sifatida ko‘rish kerakligini asoslab beradi.
PROBLEMS OF PREVENTION AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF COMPLICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY
This article highlights the importance of maintaining women's health during pregnancy, early detection and prevention of complications. The effectiveness of perinatal and prenatal diagnostic systems, ultrasound examinations, laboratory tests, and screening programs is analyzed. It also discusses the state policy of Uzbekistan in protecting motherhood and childhood, as well as the positive outcomes of ongoing reforms in the healthcare system. The study emphasizes the role of preventive medicine, social factors, and psychological support in ensuring reproductive health of women.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PREVENTIVE WORK IN MAINTAINING WOMEN'S REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
This article comprehensively covers the medical, social, and psychological aspects of women's reproductive health protection. It analyzes the concept of reproductive health, preventive measures, and the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle among women, as well as the role of state policy in this regard. The significance of early diagnostics, preventive examinations, and healthy nutrition in preventing gynecological diseases is discussed. The research is conducted within the framework of healthcare reforms in Uzbekistan.
YASHIL MOLIYALASHTIRISH: EKOLOGIK LOYIHALARNI IQTISODIY RAG‘BATLANTIRISH USULLARI
Maqolada yashil moliyalashtirishning mohiyati va ekologik loyihalarni iqtisodiy rag‘batlantirish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Yashil moliyalashtirish ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash, energiya samaradorligini oshirish va tabiiy resurslarni tejash orqali iqtisodiy o‘sishga xizmat qiladi. Maqolada O‘zbekiston sharoitida yashil moliyalashtirishni rivojlantirish va ekologik loyihalarni qo‘llab-quvvatlash bo‘yicha tavsiyalar keltiriladi.
IQTISODIY SIYOSAT VA INSON KAPITALI: TA’LIM VA SOG‘LIQNI SAQLASH XARAJATLARINING SAMARASI
Maqolada inson kapitali tushunchasi, uning iqtisodiy rivojlanishdagi roli va ta’lim hamda sog‘liqni saqlash sohalariga ajratiladigan xarajatlarning samarasi tahlil qilinadi. Ta’lim va sog‘liqni saqlash tizimlariga sarmoya kiritish uzoq muddatda ishchi kuchining sifatini oshirish, iqtisodiy samaradorlikni kuchaytirish va barqaror rivojlanishga hissa qo‘shadi. Maqolada O‘zbekiston tajribasi hamda xalqaro tajribalar misol qilib keltiriladi.
CYBERSECURITY: MODERN THREATS AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES
This paper explores the evolving landscape of cybersecurity in the face of modern digital threats. As technology advances, cyberattacks are becoming more sophisticated, frequent, and damaging—targeting individuals, businesses, governments, and critical infrastructures. The study outlines key types of modern cyber threats, including phishing, ransomware, data breaches, DDoS attacks, and advanced persistent threats (APTs). It also discusses proactive prevention strategies such as encryption, firewalls, multi-factor authentication, cybersecurity awareness training, and regulatory frameworks. Emphasis is placed on the importance of building a strong cyber defense culture and adopting adaptive technologies to mitigate current and emerging risks in the digital environment.
THE CONFLICT BETWEEN RELIGIOUS BELIEF AND REFORMIST IDEALS IN THE NOVEL “KECHA VA KUNDUZ”
This paper examines the ideological confrontation between religious belief and reformist thought in the Uzbek novel Kecha va kunduz. The narrative illustrates the tension between characters who uphold traditional Islamic values and those who promote modern reforms in areas such as education, social life, and national identity. Through vivid character portrayals and symbolic episodes, the novel reflects the broader societal struggles between faith-based conservatism and emerging progressive ideologies during a time of transformation in Uzbek society. The study highlights how the author uses literary techniques to question rigid dogmatism while also warning against uncritical adoption of modern ideas. Ultimately, Kecha va kunduz serves as a literary mirror of historical, cultural, and spiritual conflicts faced by societies undergoing modernization.
MOLIYAVIY SAVODXONLIKNI OSHIRISH ORQALI AHOLINING IQTISODIY FAOLLIGINI KUCHAYTIRISH
Ushbu maqola aholining moliyaviy savodxonligini oshirish orqali ularning iqtisodiy faolligini kuchaytirish imkoniyatlarini ilmiy tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqot shaxslar va oilalarning daromad, xarajat, tejash, investitsiya va kredit masalalarini tushunish qobiliyatini oshirish, moliyaviy qarorlarni ongli qabul qilish, moliyaviy risklarni kamaytirish va moliya bozorida ishtirok etishni rag‘batlantirish mexanizmlarini o‘rganadi. Shu bilan birga, maqolada davlat, banklar va nodavlat tashkilotlar tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan moliyaviy ta’lim, seminarlar, onlayn kurslar va maslahat tizimlarining samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, moliyaviy savodxonlikni oshirish milliy iqtisodiyotning barqaror rivojlanishi va aholining iqtisodiy faolligini sezilarli darajada kuchaytirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
FOR MUSIC AND ART SCHOOL TEACHERS: LESSONS BASED ON MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND ONLINE PLATFORMS AS AN INTEGRAL FACTOR IN EDUCATIONAL QUALITY AND EFFECTIVENESS
Annotation: This article examines the role of modern educational technologies and online platforms in enhancing the quality and effectiveness of teaching in music and art schools. As digital tools become increasingly embedded in education, music and art teachers are adapting to new methods of instruction that combine traditional pedagogical approaches with technology-based solutions. The article explores the benefits of virtual learning environments, interactive applications, digital instruments, and remote collaboration platforms, while also addressing the challenges of implementation and digital literacy. It emphasizes the necessity of equipping educators with relevant skills and resources to meet contemporary educational standards and student expectations.
Abdurayimov Faxriddin Muxammadali o‘g‘li
THE CONDUCTOR AS NOT ONLY A LEADER, BUT ALSO A PEDAGOGUE: PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN WORKING WITH AN ORCHESTRA
Annotation: This article explores the multifaceted role of the conductor in the context of orchestral education and performance. It highlights how the conductor serves not only as a musical leader but also as a pedagogical figure who shapes the emotional, psychological, and artistic development of ensemble members. The article emphasizes the importance of psychological insight, communication, empathy, and motivational strategies in achieving harmony, discipline, and high-level artistic expression within orchestral settings.
INTEGRATING CULTURE INTO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES
Abstract: This article examines the integration of culture into English Language Teaching (ELT), highlighting its importance, benefits, and challenges. Teaching English without considering cultural context can limit learners’ communicative competence and cross-cultural understanding. Incorporating cultural content in language instruction fosters motivation, authentic communication, and intercultural awareness. However, educators face challenges such as selecting appropriate materials, addressing cultural biases, and balancing language and cultural instruction. This paper discusses effective strategies and pedagogical implications for integrating culture in ELT classrooms.
THE ROLE OF TEACHERS’ FEEDBACK IN ENHANCING ENGLISH WRITING SKILLS
Abstract: This article explores the critical role of teachers’ feedback in improving English writing skills among learners. Feedback serves as a bridge between learners’ current performance and desired proficiency, helping students identify errors, understand language conventions, and develop coherent writing strategies. Both formative and summative feedback, delivered in various forms—written, oral, peer-reviewed, and digital—contribute to learners’ progress. The paper also examines challenges related to feedback effectiveness, including students’ perceptions, motivation, and the timing and quality of feedback. Recommendations are provided to maximize the pedagogical impact of feedback in English writing instruction.
BANK TIZIMIDA RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARNI JORIY ETISHNING AFZALLIKLARI VA MUAMMOLARI
Ushbu maqola bank tizimida raqamli texnologiyalarni joriy etishning afzalliklari va yuzaga keladigan muammolarni ilmiy tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqot elektron banking, mobil ilovalar, onlayn to‘lov tizimlari, blokcheyn, sun’iy intellekt va ma’lumotlar tahlili kabi raqamli yechimlar orqali bank faoliyatini samarali qilish, xarajatlarni kamaytirish, mijozlarga qulay xizmat ko‘rsatish va moliyaviy barqarorlikni ta’minlash imkoniyatlarini o‘rganadi. Shuningdek, maqolada kiberxavfsizlik, texnologik infratuzilma xarajatlari, xodimlarni qayta tayyorlash, normativ-huquqiy moslashuv va mijoz ma’lumotlarini himoya qilish kabi muammolar ham tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, raqamli transformatsiya bank sektorining samaradorligini oshirish, innovatsion xizmatlar yaratish va milliy iqtisodiyotga qo‘shgan hissasini kuchaytirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
KLASTER TIZIMIDA KORPORATIV BOSHQARUV VA STRATEGIK QAROR QABUL QILISH
Ushbu maqolada klaster tizimida korporativ boshqaruv va strategik qaror qabul qilishning mohiyati, tamoyillari va samarali mexanizmlari yoritilgan. Klasterlar ichida korporativ boshqaruv yagona maqsadga yo‘naltirilgan strategiyalarni ishlab chiqish, resurslarni optimal taqsimlash va innovatsion loyihalarni amalga oshirishni ta’minlaydi. Maqolada korporativ boshqaruvning strukturalari, qaror qabul qilish jarayonlari, monitoring va baholash tizimlari hamda strategik rejalashtirishdagi roli tahlil qilingan. Shu bilan birga, klaster korxonalarining ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va ekologik jihatdan barqarorligini ta’minlashda korporativ boshqaruvning ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan.
Theoretical foundations for developing professional competencies in engineering education through e-learning tools
The rapid evolution of digital technologies has transformed engineering education, necessitating innovative approaches to competency development. This paper explores the theoretical foundations underpinning the integration of e-learning tools in fostering professional competencies among engineering students. Drawing on constructivist learning theory, competency-based education frameworks, and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), the study analyzes how platforms such as learning management systems (LMS), virtual laboratories, simulation software, and collaborative online tools enhance skills in problem-solving, critical thinking, teamwork, and technical proficiency. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving a review of 85 peer-reviewed articles from 2015–2025, surveys of 450 engineering educators and students from 12 universities across Europe, Asia, and North America, and case studies of e-learning implementations in mechanical, electrical, and civil engineering programs. Results indicate that e-learning tools improve competency acquisition by 35–50% compared to traditional methods, with significant gains in adaptive learning and real-world application. Challenges include digital divides and faculty training needs. The discussion synthesizes theoretical models with empirical evidence, proposing a hybrid competency development framework. Conclusions emphasize policy recommendations for scalable e-learning integration in engineering curricula to meet Industry 4.0 demands.
HUDUDIY KLASTERLARNI RIVOJLANTIRISH ORQALI ICHKI VA TASHQI INVESTITSIYALARNI JALB QILISH
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada hududiy klasterlarni rivojlantirish orqali ichki va tashqi investitsiyalarni jalb qilishning strategik mexanizmlari yoritilgan. Hududiy klasterlar ichki resurslarni birlashtirish, innovatsion loyihalarni amalga oshirish va ishlab chiqarish zanjirini samarali boshqarish orqali investorlar e’tiborini jalb qiladi. Maqolada davlat va xususiy sektor hamkorligi, investitsiya muhitini yaratish, infratuzilma va marketing strategiyalarini rivojlantirish hamda ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy samaradorlikni oshirish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Shu bilan birga, klasterlarning eksport salohiyatini oshirish, mahalliy ishlab chiqaruvchilarni qo‘llab-quvvatlash va hududiy iqtisodiy barqarorlikni mustahkamlashdagi roli ko‘rib chiqilgan.
KUTUBXONACHILIK KASBIGA BO‘LGAN MUNOSABAT VA KASBIY IJTIMOIYLASHUV
Ushbu maqolada kutubxonachilik kasbiga bo‘lgan munosabat va kasbiy ijtimoiylashuv masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Kutubxonachilikning zamonaviy talablariga moslashish, professional kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish va foydalanuvchi markazli xizmatlarni taqdim etish jarayoni, shuningdek, kasbiy ijtimoiylashuvning kutubxonachining ish faoliyatidagi roli yoritilgan. Maqolada kutubxonachilik kasbiga motivatsiya, malaka oshirish, jamoaviy ish va kasbiy etika masalalari ham ko‘rib chiqilgan.
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada kutubxonachilik kasbiga bo‘lgan munosabat va kasbiy ijtimoiylashuv masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Kutubxonachilikning zamonaviy talablariga moslashish, professional kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish va foydalanuvchi markazli xizmatlarni taqdim etish jarayoni, shuningdek, kasbiy ijtimoiylashuvning kutubxonachining ish faoliyatidagi roli yoritilgan. Maqolada kutubxonachilik kasbiga motivatsiya, malaka oshirish, jamoaviy ish va kasbiy etika masalalari ham ko‘rib chiqilgan.
ATROF-MUHITNI MUHOFAZA QILISHDA JAMOATCHILIK NAZORATINING O‘RNI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish jarayonida jamoatchilik nazoratining ahamiyati, shakllari va mexanizmlari tahlil qilinadi. Muallif ekologik muammolarni hal etishda fuqarolik jamiyati institutlarining faol ishtirokini, ekologik madaniyat va ongning yuksalishini, ekologik nazoratni kuchaytirish orqali davlat va jamiyat hamkorligini mustahkamlash zarurligini asoslab beradi. Shuningdek, maqolada O‘zbekistonda jamoatchilik nazorati sohasida amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar, qonunchilikdagi yangiliklar hamda xalqaro tajriba tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari jamoatchilik nazoratini ekologik siyosatning muhim elementi sifatida qarash zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.
RAQAMLI IQTISODIYOT DAVRIDA SHARTNOMA HUQUQINING RIVOJLANISH TENDENSIYALARI
Maqolada raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida shartnoma huquqining rivojlanish tendensiyalari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda elektron shartnomalar, raqamli imzo, blockchain texnologiyalari, shuningdek shartnoma tuzish va bajarilish jarayonidagi yangi huquqiy mexanizmlar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqolada raqamli iqtisodiyotning shartnoma huquqiga ta’siri, huquqiy risklar va innovatsion yechimlar muammolari o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, xalqaro tajriba va normativ-huquqiy me’yorlar bilan solishtirma tahlil amalga oshirilgan.
MIGRATSIYA JARAYONLARINING HUQUQIY TARTIBGA SOLINISHI: XALQARO AMALIYOT VA O‘ZBEKISTON TAJRIBASI
Annotatsiya: Maqolada migratsiya jarayonlarining huquqiy tartibga solinishi masalalari, xalqaro huquqiy me’yorlar va O‘zbekiston Respublikasidagi tajriba tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot doirasida migratsiya jarayonini boshqarish, migrantlarning huquqlari va majburiyatlari, xalqaro konvensiyalar va O‘zbekiston qonunchiligi bilan solishtirma tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada mehnat migratsiyasi, qochqinlar va muhojirlar bilan bog‘liq dolzarb muammolar, ularni huquqiy tartibga solish mexanizmlari o‘rganilgan.
THE IMPACT OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS ON GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKET STABILITY
Derivative instruments have become indispensable components of the global financial system, providing mechanisms for hedging, price discovery, and efficient capital allocation. However, their rapid growth and complex structures have also raised concerns about market volatility and systemic risk. This paper examines how derivatives influence global financial market stability through both stabilizing and destabilizing channels. Drawing on evidence from major financial crises, empirical studies, and regulatory reforms, the study concludes that derivatives can enhance stability when used prudently but pose systemic threats when leveraged excessively or without transparency.
ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF DERIVATIVES UNDER IFRS 9 STANDARDS
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of how derivatives are accounted for under the International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9), which replaced IAS 39 in 2018. It explores the principles guiding recognition, classification, and measurement of derivative financial instruments, along with the implications of hedge accounting provisions introduced by IFRS 9. The article highlights the challenges entities face in applying fair value measurement, managing volatility in profit and loss, and ensuring compliance with disclosure requirements. Additionally, the study investigates how IFRS 9 enhances transparency and risk representation in financial statements, while also addressing limitations in its practical application across industries.
BOLALIKDAKI INFEKSION KASALLIKLAR (MASALAN, QIZAMIQ, PAROTIT)NING KEYINGI HAYOTDA ERKAK BEPUSHTLIGIGA TA’SIRI
ANNOTATSIYA Bolalik davrida oziq‑infeksion kasalliklar, xususan qizamiq va parotit virusli infektsiyalari, keyingi hayotda erkak reproduktiv salomatligiga — ayniqsa spermatogenez, testis funksiyasi, siydik‐reproduktiv tizimning holatiga — salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkin. Ushbu maqolada bolalikdagi infektsion kasalliklarning yuritilishi, ularning testis va reproduktiv organlarga bo‘lgan patofiziologik mexanizmlari, epidemiologik ma’lumotlari, diagnostikasi hamda erkak bepushtligi bilan bog‘liq tadqiqotlar tahlil qilinadi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, parotit infektsiyasining postpubertal davrda testis yallig‘lanishi (orchitis/epididymo‑orchitis) shaklida kechishi erkaklarda sperma parametrlari va reproduktiv imkoniyatlarga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkin. Bu esa bepushtlik xavfini oshirishi mumkinligi jihatdan jamoat salomatligi uchun muhim omildir.
Bank tizimida raqamli texnologiyalarni joriy etishning afzalliklari va muammolari
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqola bank tizimida raqamli texnologiyalarni joriy etishning afzalliklari va yuzaga keladigan muammolarni ilmiy tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqot elektron banking, mobil ilovalar, onlayn to‘lov tizimlari, blokcheyn, sun’iy intellekt va ma’lumotlar tahlili kabi raqamli yechimlar orqali bank faoliyatini samarali qilish, xarajatlarni kamaytirish, mijozlarga qulay xizmat ko‘rsatish va moliyaviy barqarorlikni ta’minlash imkoniyatlarini o‘rganadi. Shuningdek, maqolada kiberxavfsizlik, texnologik infratuzilma xarajatlari, xodimlarni qayta tayyorlash, normativ-huquqiy moslashuv va mijoz ma’lumotlarini himoya qilish kabi muammolar ham tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, raqamli transformatsiya bank sektorining samaradorligini oshirish, innovatsion xizmatlar yaratish va milliy iqtisodiyotga qo‘shgan hissasini kuchaytirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
Maqolada qiz bolalarning sarishtalik, odob va saranjomlik kabi insoniy fazilatlarini shakllantirishning tarbiyaviy va ma’naviy ahamiyati yoritilgan. Sarishtalik – bu nafaqat tozalik, balki insonning ichki dunyosi, madaniyati, mas’uliyati va jamiyatdagi o‘rnining ko‘zgusi ekanligi asoslab berilgan.
Keksalar xonadonimizning fayz-u farishtasi
Maqolada keksalarning oila va jamiyatdagi o‘rni, ularning hayotiy tajribasi, ibrati, duolari orqali oilaviy totuvlik va baraka ta’minlanishi yoritilgan. Keksalarga hurmat va e’tibor – milliy qadriyatlarimizning asosi, insoniylik mezoni sifatida tahlil qilingan.
BOLALARDA SAVOD O‘RGATISHNING ZAMONAVIY INTERAKTIV USULLARI
Annotatsiya:Maqolada bolalarda savod o‘rgatishning zamonaviy interaktiv usullari tahlil qilinadi. Yangi pedagogik texnologiyalar va interaktiv metodlar bolalarga savod o‘rgatishda samarali vosita sifatida keng qo‘llanilmoqda. Zamonaviy interaktiv usullar bolalar uchun ta’limni qiziqarli va o‘rganishga yo‘naltirilgan qiladi, ularga o‘z bilimlarini amaliyotda qo‘llash imkoniyatini yaratadi. Maqolada interaktiv ta’lim metodlari, ularning o‘ziga xos jihatlari va bolalarda savod o‘rgatish jarayoniga ta’siri haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Interaktiv ta’lim usullari, masalan, raqamli o‘yinlar, onlayn platformalar, vizual va eshittirish texnologiyalari yordamida bolalarning o‘zlashtirish darajasini oshirishga xizmat qilmoqda. Shu bilan birga, bunday usullarning pedagogik asoslari va amaliy qo‘llanilishi ko‘rib chiqilgan.
QORA TUYNUKLAR FIZIKASI: NAZARIYA VA KUZATUVLAR
Annotatsiya:Ushbu maqolada qora tuynuklar fizikasi, ularning nazariyasi, hosil bo‘lishi, xususiyatlari va bugungi kunda olib borilayotgan kuzatuvlar tahlil qilinadi. Qora tuynuklar kosmik obyektlar bo‘lib, ularning jismoniy va matematik tavsiflari Albert Eynshteynning umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasiga asoslanadi. Maqola qora tuynuklar haqida ilmiy tadqiqotlarning rivojlanishiga va ularga oid kuzatuvlar asosida olingan yangi ma'lumotlarga e'tibor qaratadi. Shuningdek, qora tuynuklar atrofidagi hodisalar va ularning fizik qonuniyatlari, masalan, horizont va singulyarlik kabi tushunchalar ham muhokama qilinadi.
TORTISHISH TO‘LQINLARI VA ULARNING KASHF ETILISHI
Annotatsiya Ushbu maqolada tortishish to‘lqinlari va ularning fizik asoslari, nazariy tushunchalari va kashf etilishi jarayoni batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Tortishish to‘lqinlari, kosmosdagi eng kuchli gravitatsion hodisalar tufayli yuzaga keladigan fazo va vaqtning to‘lqinli o‘zgarishlaridir. Ularning mavjudligi birinchi marta Albert Eynshteynning 1915-yilda yaratgan umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasida bashorat qilingan bo‘lsa-da, 2015-yilda LIGO tomonidan amalga oshirilgan kuzatuvlar orqali ilmiy jamoatchilik tomonidan tasdiqlandi. Bu kashfiyot koinotning fundamental qonuniyatlarini yanada chuqurroq tushunishga yordam berdi va astrofizikada yangi imkoniyatlar ochdi.
BOLALAR HUQUQLARI VA ULARNI HIMOYA QILISH TIZIMI: SUD VA IJTIMOIY XIZMATLAR ROLI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada bolalar huquqlari va ularni himoya qilish tizimi, shuningdek sud va ijtimoiy xizmatlarning bu jarayondagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada bolalar huquqlari tushunchasi, asosiy printsiplari va xalqaro hamda milliy normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, sud organlari va ijtimoiy xizmatlar bolalarni himoya qilishdagi funksiyalari, mavjud muammolar va takliflar tahlil qilinadi.
O‘ZBEKISTONNING SOLIQ QONUNCHILIGI VA SOLIQ TO‘LOVCHILAR HUQUQLARI: HUQUQIY MUAMMOLAR VA AMALIYOT
Annatotsiya: Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonning soliq qonunchiligi va soliq to‘lovchilar huquqlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada soliq tizimi, soliq to‘lovchilarning asosiy huquqlari va majburiyatlari, huquqiy me’yorlar va amaliyotdagi muammolar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, soliq qonunchiligi sohasida mavjud bo‘lgan huquqiy bo‘shliqlar va takliflar tahlil qilinadi.
OTA-ONA VA BOLALAR O‘RTASIDAGI EMOTSIONAL ALOQANING TA’LIMDAGI ROLI
Annotatsiya: Maqola ota-ona va bola o‘rtasidagi emotsional aloqaning bolalarning ta’lim jarayoniga ta’sirini chuqur tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqotda ota-onaning hissiy qo‘llab-quvvatlashi, mehribonligi, ijobiy munosabati va samarali muloqotning bolalarning motivatsiyasi, o‘qishga bo‘lgan qiziqishi, bilim olish samaradorligi hamda ijtimoiy-emotsional rivojlanishiga qanday ta’sir qilishiga e’tibor qaratiladi. Shu bilan birga, maqola ota-onaning faol ishtiroki bolaning akademik muvaffaqiyati, o‘z-o‘zini boshqarish qobiliyati, stressga chidamliligi va shaxsiy rivojlanishiga ko‘rsatadigan ijobiy ta’sirini yoritadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, ota-onaning doimiy va ijobiy emotsional aloqasi bolada o‘zini xavfsiz his qilish, yangi bilimlarni qabul qilishga tayyor bo‘lish, hamda ijtimoiy ko‘nikmalarni samarali rivojlantirish imkonini beradi.
UNIVERSITET TALABALARI ORASIDA RUHIY SALOMATLIKNI SAQLASH VA PSIXOLOGIK YORDAM TIZIMLARI
Annotatsiya: Maqola universitet talabalari orasida ruhiy salomatlikni saqlashning ahamiyati va samarali psixologik yordam tizimlarini o‘rganadi. Talabalarda stress, tashvish, depressiya va motivatsiya pasayishi kabi ruhiy muammolarni aniqlash, ularni kamaytirish va oldini olishga qaratilgan strategiyalar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda psixologik maslahat, guruh treninglari, stressni boshqarish texnikalari va raqamli platformalar orqali qo‘llaniladigan yordam tizimlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola shuningdek, universitetlarda ruhiy salomatlikni mustahkamlash bo‘yicha ijtimoiy dasturlar va amaliy tavsiyalarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi.
QURUQLIK VA DENGIZ KASHFIYOTLARI: GEOGRAFIK BILIMLARNING RIVOJLANISHIGA TA’SIRI
Anotatsiya: Ushbu maqola quruqlik va dengiz kashfiyotlarining tarixiy rivojlanishi va geografik bilimlarga ta’sirini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada qadimiy davrdan boshlab kashfiyotlar jarayoni, dengiz va okeanlar orqali savdo va madaniy aloqalarning rivojlanishi, shuningdek, geografik tafakkur va xaritalash fanining shakllanishi tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada kashfiyotlarning iqtisodiy, siyosiy va ilmiy rivojlanishga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri yoritiladi.
IQLIMSHUNOSLIK VA EKOLOGIYA TARIXIDA GEOGRAFIK FIKRLAR
Anotatsiya: Ushbu maqola iqlimshunoslik va ekologiya tarixida geografik fikrlarning shakllanishi va rivojlanishini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada qadimiy davrlardan boshlab geografik tafakkur, iqlim va tabiat bilan insonning o‘zaro aloqasi, ekologik muammolarni ilmiy o‘rganish jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, geografik fikrlarning iqlimshunoslik va ekologik bilimlarning rivojlanishiga qo‘shgan hissasi yoritiladi.
НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ ПАРКИНСОНА: ГЛУБОКАЯ СТИМУЛЯЦИЯ МОЗГА
АННОТАЦИЯ Болезнь Паркинсона – это хроническое прогрессирующее нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся моторными и немоторными симптомами. Современная медикаментозная терапия на ранних стадиях эффективна, однако со временем возникают моторные колебания и дискинезии, что ограничивает её эффективность. Глубокая стимуляция мозга (Deep Brain Stimulation, DBS) является высокоэффективным хирургическим методом лечения, позволяющим модулировать патологическую активность базальных ганглиев. В статье рассматриваются показания к операции, хирургическая техника, выбор целевых ядер, клинические результаты, осложнения и современные перспективы применения DBS. Представлены примеры клинических случаев, демонстрирующие эффективность метода в улучшении моторной функции и качества жизни пациентов.
TABIAT FANLARI DARSLARIDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT YORDAMIDA O‘QUVCHILARNING MOTIVATSIYASINI OSHIRISH: TAJRIBA-TADQIQOT ASOSIDA YONDASHUV
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarini boshlang‘ich sinf tabiat fanlari darslariga integratsiya qilish orqali o‘quvchilarning o‘qishga bo‘lgan motivatsiyasini oshirish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Tajriba-tadqiqot asosida olib borilgan kuzatuvlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, sun’iy intellekt vositalari yordamida tashkil etilgan interfaol, vizual va shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan ta’lim jarayoni o‘quvchilarda tabiiy fanlarga nisbatan ijobiy munosabat, mustaqil izlanish va ijodiy tafakkurni rivojlantiradi. Maqolada motivatsiya nazariyalari, sun’iy intellektning ta’limdagi o‘rni hamda o‘qituvchilarning pedagogik tajribalariga asoslangan metodik tavsiyalar tahlil etilgan.
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF TABIAT FANLARI DARSIDA SUN’IY INTELLEKTGA ASOSLANGAN O‘QUVCHILARNING MUSTAQIL ISH VA GURUH ISHLARI METODIKASI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf tabiat fanlari darslarida sun’iy intellekt vositalaridan foydalangan holda o‘quvchilarning mustaqil ish va guruh ishlari metodikasi yoritiladi. AI texnologiyalari yordamida tashkil etilgan interfaol va shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan ta’lim jarayoni o‘quvchilarning mustaqil fikrlash, tadqiqot va muammolarni hal qilish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantiradi. Maqolada AI platformalari (ChatGPT, ClassPoint AI, Quizizz AI) orqali o‘quvchilarning individual va guruh ishlari qanday samarali tashkil etilishi, dars jarayonida o‘qituvchining roli hamda ta’lim jarayonini differensiallashtirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi.
The Role of Native Language Interference in Uzbek Students’ English Writing Skills
Abstract: This paper explores the influence of the Uzbek native language (L1) on the English writing skills (L2) of Uzbek students. It focuses on how differences in grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure between Uzbek and English affect learners’ written performance. The study also discusses common types of interference, such as literal translation, word order errors, and misuse of articles, and offers pedagogical strategies to minimize these issues.
БОЛЕЗНЬ ГЕНТИНГТОНА: РАННИЕ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ (РЕДКИЕ СЛУЧАИ)
АННОТАЦИЯ: Болезнь Гентингтона (БГ) — наследственное нейродегенеративное заболевание, вызванное расширением CAG-повтора в гене HTT, приводящее к синтезу мутантного белка гентингтина. Хотя классическая форма проявляется в зрелом возрасте, редкие случаи раннего дебюта у детей (ювенильная форма) сопровождаются выраженными морфологическими изменениями головного мозга, которые могут быть выявлены при патоморфологическом исследовании. Данное исследование анализирует ранние структурные изменения ЦНС у детей с БГ, обсуждает их клинические проявления, патогенетические механизмы и значение для диагностики.
АННОТАЦИЯ Краниосиностоз у новорожденных представляет собой патологическое преждевременное сращение черепных швов, которое приводит к деформации черепа, нарушению пропорций лица и возможным неврологическим осложнениям. Хирургическое вмешательство является основным методом коррекции и позволяет восстановить форму черепа, предотвратить повышение внутричерепного давления и обеспечить нормальное развитие мозга. В статье рассматриваются классификация краниосиностоза, показания к операции, современные хирургические методики, интраоперационный мониторинг, возможные осложнения и долгосрочные результаты лечения.
YURAK ISHEMIK KASALLIGI: SABABLARI, BELGILARI VA ZAMONAVIY DAVOLASH USULLARI
Zamonaviy sog‘liqni saqlash sharoitida Ishemiya yurak kasalligi (inglizcha: Ischemic Heart Disease, IHD) yurak-qon tomir tizimining asosiy xavf omillaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda. Ushbu maqolada kasallikning shakllanish sabablari, asosiy klinik belgilar, tashxis usullari hamda zamonaviy davolash metodlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqola shuningdek, bemorlar uchun profilaktika chora-tadbirlarining ahamiyatini ham yoritib beradi.
YOSHLAR ORASIDA EKOTURIZMNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING IJTIMOIY AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada yoshlar orasida ekoturizmni rivojlantirishning ijtimoiy, ekologik va madaniy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada ekologik ongni shakllantirish, tabiiy va madaniy merosni saqlash, yoshlarning sog‘lom turmush tarzini rag‘batlantirish, shuningdek, ularni mintaqaviy va xalqaro turizm jarayonlarida faol ishtirok etish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, ekoturizm orqali yoshlar orasida ijtimoiy barqarorlik va ekologik madaniyatni rivojlantirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan.
TURKMANISTON – XORAZM – QORAQALPOG‘ISTON – QOZOG‘ISTON YO‘NALISHIDA TURISTIK YO‘LAK
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada Markaziy Osiyoning turizm salohiyatini oshirish maqsadida ishlab chiqilgan yangi transchegaraviy yo‘nalish — “Turkmaniston – Xorazm – Qoraqalpog‘iston – Qozog‘iston” turistik yo‘lagining iqtisodiy, madaniy va ekologik ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, mazkur loyiha doirasida turizm infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish, transport-logistika tizimini yaxshilash, hududlararo hamkorlikni kengaytirish, tarixiy va madaniy meros obyektlarini saqlab qolish, ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash masalalari tahlil qilinadi.
PO‘LAT MADREYMOVNING RAQS SOHASIDAGI MEHNATLARI
Annotatsiya: Maqolada O‘zbekiston xalq artisti Po‘lat Madreymovning raqs san’ati sohasidagi ijodiy faoliyati, xoreografik maktabni shakllantirishdagi hissasi hamda milliy raqs madaniyatining rivojiga qo‘shgan ulkan xizmatlari yoritilgan. Uning sahna asarlari, o‘qituvchilik faoliyati va raqs san’atiga kiritgan pedagogik yondashuvlari ilmiy asosda tahlil qilingan.
XOREOGRAFIYADA GENDER MASALALARI: ERKAK VA AYOL IJROCHILARNING ROLI
Annotatsiya: Maqolada xoreografiya san’atida gender masalalari, ya’ni erkak va ayol ijrochilarning o‘ziga xos roli, sahnadagi ifoda vositalari hamda ularning san’atdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Turli davrlarda raqsda gender stereotiplari, badiiy obrazlar tizimi va raqqoslarning sahnaviy talqinlari qanday o‘zgarib borganligi yoritilgan. Zamonaviy xoreografiyada erkak va ayol ijrochilarning teng huquqli ishtiroki, plastika va dramaturgiyadagi yondashuvlar o‘rganilgan.
The Role of Code-Switching in English Language Acquisition: Insights from Uzbek Learners
Language acquisition is a complex process that is influenced by numerous factors, including the linguistic environment, cognitive abilities, and cultural background of learners. For learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), especially those whose native language (L1) differs significantly from English (L2), navigating between the two languages can be both challenging and beneficial. One phenomenon that frequently occurs in this process is code-switching, the practice of alternating between two or more languages or dialects within a conversation or discourse. This article explores the role of code-switching in English language acquisition, specifically focusing on Uzbek learners. The discussion will examine how code-switching influences learning outcomes, communication strategies, and the development of fluency in English.
Katalizatorlar va ularning kimyoviy reaksiyalardagi ahamiyati
Ushbu maqolada katalizatorlarning kimyoviy reaksiyalarda tutgan o‘rni, ularning turlari, ishlash mexanizmi hamda sanoat va biologik jarayonlardagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Katalizatorlar kimyoviy reaksiyalarning tezligini oshirib, energiya sarfini kamaytiradi va mahsulot hosildorligini oshiradi. Maqolada geterogen va gomogen kataliz turlari, biologik katalizatorlar — fermentlarning roli, shuningdek, ekologik toza kataliz tizimlarining zamonaviy rivojlanish yo‘nalishlari haqida so‘z yuritiladi.
ODAM ORGANIZMIDAGI MIKROBIOTA TIZIMINING IMMUNITET VA SOGLIQ HOLATIGA TA’SIRI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada inson organizmida mavjud bo‘lgan mikrobiota tizimining immunitet faoliyatini shakllantirishdagi va sog‘liqni saqlashdagi roli yoritilgan. Mikrobiota — bu inson tanasida yashovchi milliardlab mikroorganizmlar majmuasi bo‘lib, ular ichak, teri, og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i, nafas yo‘llari va boshqa tizimlarda muvozanatda faoliyat yuritadi. Mikrobiota immun tizimini mustahkamlash, patogen mikroblardan himoya qilish, ovqat hazm qilish jarayonini yaxshilash hamda yallig‘lanish jarayonlarini nazorat qilishda beqiyos ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada mikrobiota va immunitet o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro ta’sir, disbioz holatlarining oqibatlari hamda sog‘lom mikrobiomni tiklashda biologik usullar tahlil qilingan.
ZAMONAVIY PEDIATRIYADA BOLALARNING RIVOJLANISH MONITORINGI: AN'ANALAR VA INNOVATSIYALAR
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy pediatriyada bolalarning rivojlanish monitoringi tizimlari, ularning ahamiyati va samaradorligi haqida batafsil ma'lumotlar keltirilgan. Rivojlanish mezonlari, skrining dasturlari, digital tibbiyotning pediatriyadagi ahamiyati hamda O'zbekiston sharoitida monitoring tizimini takomillashtirish yo'llari muhokama qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari asosida bolalar rivojlanishini monitoring qilishning samarali usullari taklif etilgan.
ZAMONAVIY TA’LIMDA IJODIYLIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING KONCEPTUAL YONDASHUVLARI
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy ta’limda ijodiylikni rivojlantirishning konseptual yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada ijodiylik tushunchasi, uning ta’lim jarayonidagi ahamiyati, shuningdek, pedagogik yondashuvlar va innovatsion metodlar yordamida ijodiy fikrlashni shakllantirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, zamonaviy ta’limda ijodiylikni rivojlantirish o‘quvchilarda mustaqil fikrlash, yangilik yaratish va muammolarni innovatsion usulda hal qilish qobiliyatini oshiradi.
Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Development in European Countries
Annotation: This article examines the role of energy efficiency in achieving sustainable development across European countries. It focuses on the policies, technologies, and innovations that contribute to reducing energy consumption, promoting renewable energy integration, and protecting the environment.
ZAMONAVIY KVANT TEXNOLOGIYALARI: KVANT KOMPYUTERLAR VA KRIPTOGRAFIYA
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy kvant texnologiyalari — xususan, kvant kompyuterlar va kvant kriptografiyasi — keng koʻlamda tahlil qilinadi. Avvalo, kvant hisoblashning ilmiy asoslari, uning an’anaviy raqamli hisoblashga nisbatan afzalliklari va hozirgi holati tushuntiriladi. Keyin, kriptografiyaga kvant texnologiyalarining ta’siri — ya’ni klassik shifrlash usullariga tahdidlar va kvant asosidagi himoyalash yondashuvlari — ko‘rib chiqiladi. Asosiy e’tibor: kvant kompyuterlar yordamida RSA, ECC singari algoritmlarning buzilishi ehtimoli, shuningdek, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) va Post‑Quantum Cryptography (PQC) kabi himoya mexanizmlariga qaratilgandir. Maqolaning xulosasida kvant texnologiyalarining kelajakdagi istiqbollari va raqamli xavfsizlik uchun muhim bo‘lgan strategik qarorlar muhokama qilinadi.
ISSIQLIK DVIGATELLARINING ISHLASH PRINTSIPI VA SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH YO‘LLARI
Ushbu maqolada issiqlik dvigatellarining fizik ishlash prinsipi, ularning asosiy turlari, energiya aylanish jarayonlari hamda samaradorligini oshirish yo‘llari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Dvigatellarning asosiy energetik muvozanati, termodinamik jarayonlar, yoqilg‘ining kimyoviy energiyasini mexanik ishga aylantirish mexanizmi va amaliy muammolar yoritilgan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy energiya tejamkor texnologiyalar, gaz turbinalari, ichki yonuv dvigatellari, bug‘ turbinalari, hamda muqobil (gibrid va elektr) tizimlarning samaradorlikka ta’siri ham muhokama qilinadi. Maqolada dvigatellar samaradorligini oshirishda issiqlik yo‘qotishlarini kamaytirish, yonish jarayonini optimallashtirish, chiqindi gazlarni qayta ishlash va ekologik tozaligini ta’minlash usullari keltiriladi.
NOGIRONLIGI BO‘LGAN SHAXSLAR BILAN ISHLASHDA IJTIMOIY XIZMAT TIZIMINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada nogironligi bo‘lgan shaxslar bilan ishlashda ijtimoiy xizmat ko‘rsatish tizimini rivojlantirish masalalari yoritilgan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasida nogironlar huquqlarini himoya qilish, ularning ijtimoiy hayotga integratsiyasini ta’minlash, reabilitatsiya jarayonini modernizatsiya qilish hamda xizmatlar sifati va qamrovini kengaytirish bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar tahlil qilingan. Maqolada davlat va nodavlat tashkilotlar hamkorligi, “inklyuziv jamiyat” g‘oyasi, raqamli texnologiyalarni ijtimoiy xizmat tizimiga joriy etish yo‘nalishlari alohida o‘rganilgan.
Oilaviy muammolarni hal etishda ijtimoiy ishchining roli
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada yoshlar bilan ishlashda ijtimoiy ishning mohiyati, asosiy tamoyillari hamda samaradorligini oshirish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Yoshlar ijtimoiy muhitining o‘zgaruvchanligi, ularning ehtiyojlari va muammolarini aniqlashda kompleks yondashuvning ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Shuningdek, ijtimoiy ishda innovatsion yondashuvlar, psixologik qo‘llab-quvvatlash mexanizmlari, davlat dasturlari va yoshlar siyosatini amalga oshirishda ijtimoiy xodimlarning o‘rni tahlil qilingan.
JAHON URUSHLARINING MARKAZIY OSIYOGA TA’SIRI
Anotatsiya: Ushbu maqola I va II jahon urushlarining Markaziy Osiyo, jumladan O‘zbekiston hududiga ta’sirini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada urushlar davrida iqtisodiy, siyosiy, ijtimoiy va madaniy jarayonlardagi o‘zgarishlar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada harbiy harakatlar, aholi hayotiga ta’siri, mintaqaviy siyosiy tuzilmalar va iqtisodiy rivojlanish jarayonlari o‘rganilgan. Urushlarning Markaziy Osiyodagi hududiy va madaniy oqibatlari, shuningdek, zamonaviy rivojlanishga ta’siri ham yoritilgan.
O‘ZBEKISTON TARIXIDA IQTISODIY VA MADANIY INQILOBLAR
Anotatsiya: Ushbu maqola O‘zbekiston tarixida sodir bo‘lgan iqtisodiy va madaniy inqiloblarni o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada turli davrlarda iqtisodiy tizimlar, ishlab chiqarish usullari, savdo va sanoatning rivojlanishi, shuningdek, madaniy hayot, san’at, ilm-fan va adabiyot sohalaridagi yangilanishlar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada ushbu inqiloblarning mintaqa xalqlarining siyosiy, ijtimoiy va madaniy rivojlanishiga ta’siri, zamonaviy rivojlanishdagi ahamiyati ham yoritilgan.
НАСЛЕДСТВЕННЫЕ МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ: ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ
АННОТАЦИЯ: Наследственные метаболические заболевания представляют собой группу генетически обусловленных нарушений обмена веществ, проявляющихся преимущественно в детском возрасте. Эти патологии характеризуются нарушением обмена аминокислот, углеводов, липидов, ферментопатиями и накоплением токсических продуктов метаболизма, что ведёт к органным и системным изменениям. Патоморфологические исследования позволяют выявить структурные изменения в печени, почках, нервной системе и других органах, оценить тяжесть поражения и прогнозировать клиническое течение болезни. Цель статьи — рассмотреть патоморфологические особенности наследственных метаболических заболеваний у детей и их клиническое значение.
BARMOQ UCHIDAGI LINIYALAR VA ULARNING OTA-BOLALIKNI ANIQLASHDAGI STATISTIK TAHLILI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada barmoq uchidagi papillyar liniyalar (dermatoglifik chiziqlar)ning genetik uzviyligi, ularning ota-bola o‘rtasidagi irsiy o‘xshashlik darajasi va statistik tahlil asosida otalikni aniqlashdagi ilmiy asoslari yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda TRC (Total Ridge Count), ATD burchagi, delta indekslari kabi ko‘rsatkichlar asosida ota va bola o‘xshashlik ehtimolini aniqlash metodlari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada shuningdek, dermatoglifikaning zamonaviy sud-tibbiy ekspertizadagi ahamiyati, biometrik va statistik yondashuvlar integratsiyasi ko‘rib chiqiladi.
DISTAL FALANGA IZLARI VA SUD-TIBBIYOT EKSPERTIZASIDA YONDASHUVLARNING QIYINCHILIKLARI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada distal falanga izlarining sud-tibbiyot ekspertizasida qo‘llanilishi, ularni tahlil qilishdagi metodologik, texnik va biologik qiyinchiliklar yoritilgan. Maqolada papillyar naqshlarning aniqligi, ularni raqamli formatda qayta ishlash jarayonidagi xatoliklar, shuningdek, dermatoglifik ma’lumotlarning genetik testlar bilan solishtirma tahlili asosida yuzaga keladigan murakkabliklar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy ekspertiza jarayonida sun’iy intellekt, raqamli texnologiyalar va ma’lumotlarni standartlashtirish zaruriyati tahlil etiladi.
Maktabgacha Ta’lim Muassasalarida STEAM Texnologiyalarini Qo‘llash
Maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalarida STEAM (Fan, Texnologiya, Muhandislik, San’at va Matematika) texnologiyalarining qo‘llanishi bolalarning intellektual va ijodiy rivojlanishida muhim ahamiyatga ega. STEAM texnologiyalari ta’lim jarayoniga yangi yondashuvlarni kiritib, bolalarning muammoni hal qilish, ijodiy fikrlash, hamda ilmiy va amaliy ko‘nikmalarini shakllantiradi. Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalarida STEAM texnologiyalarining samarali qo‘llanilishi, uning bolalar rivojiga ta’siri, pedagogik usullar va amaliy misollar orqali tushuntiriladi. STEAM texnologiyalarining o‘rnatilishi bolalar uchun ta’limni qiziqarli, interaktiv va chuqur o‘rganish imkoniyatini yaratadi.
BOSHLANG'ICH SINF O'QUVCHILARIDA QO'SHISH VA AYIRISHDA XATOLIKLARNING OLDINI OLISH VA ULARNI TUZATISH METODIKASI
Maqola boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining qo‘shish va ayirish amallarini bajarishda yo‘l qo‘yadigan tipik xatoliklarini tahlil qiladi. Ularning sabablari, oldini olish va tuzatish metodikalari yoritiladi. Asosiy e'tibor o‘quvchilarda barqaror matematik ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishga qaratilgan bo‘lib, xatoliklarni bartaraf etishga yordam beradigan amaliy usullar, pedagogik yondashuvlar va didaktik materiallar haqida ma'lumot beriladi.
BOSHLANG'ICH SINFLARDA KO'PAYTIRISH TUSHUNCHASINI JORIY ETISHNING DIDAKTIK ASOSLARI
​Ushbu maqolada boshlang'ich sinflarda ko'paytirish tushunchasini o'rgatishning didaktik tamoyillari, o'quvchilarga takroriy qo'shishdan ko'paytirishga silliq o'tishni ta'minlashning samarali usullari tahlil qilinadi. Darsliklarda keltirilgan topshiriqlar, ko'rgazmali qurollar va o'yin texnologiyalaridan foydalanishning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Maqolada ko'paytirishni o'zlashtirishda uchraydigan asosiy qiyinchiliklar va ularni bartaraf etish yo'llari, shuningdek, amaliy mashg'ulotlarning o'quvchilarda mantiqiy fikrlashni rivojlantirishdagi o'rni ko'rsatib o'tilgan.
5–7-SINF TALABALARI UCHUN VIZUAL KOMPOZITSIYA MASHG‘ULOTLARINI TASHKIL ETISH METODIKASI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada 5–7-sinf o‘quvchilari uchun vizual kompozitsiya mashg‘ulotlarini tashkil etishning metodikasi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida o‘quvchilarda vizual fikrlashni rivojlantirish, kompozitsiya elementlarini amaliy mashg‘ulotlar orqali uyg‘unlashtirish va ijodiy qaror qabul qilish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishga qaratilgan metodik yondashuvlar keltiriladi. Shuningdek, interaktiv va innovatsion metodlar yordamida darslarni samarali tashkil etish, o‘quvchilarning estetik didini oshirish va san’at asarini yaratish jarayonini boyitishning ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.
Rangtasvirda kreativ yondashuvlarni rivojlantirish bo‘yicha pedagogik tajribalar
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada rangtasvirda o‘quvchilarda kreativ yondashuvlarni rivojlantirish bo‘yicha pedagogik tajribalar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida o‘quvchilarda rang bilan ishlashda ijodiy qaror qabul qilish, vizual fikrlash va estetik didni shakllantirishga qaratilgan samarali pedagogik metodlar keltiriladi. Shuningdek, amaliy mashg‘ulotlar, interaktiv va innovatsion yondashuvlar orqali o‘quvchilarning rangtasvirdagi kreativ salohiyatini oshirishning ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.
TALABA MA’NAVIY QIYOFASI: KITOBXONLIKDAN SPORTGACHA BO‘LGAN FAOLIYAT MEZONLARI
Anotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada talabaning ma’naviy-ma’rifiy rivojlanishiga ta’sir etuvchi asosiy faoliyat mezonlari tizimli tahlil qilingan. Jumladan, kitobxonlik madaniyati, “5 muhim tashabbus” doirasidagi ishtirok, darslarga qatnashish, ichki tartib va odob-axloq kodeksiga rioya qilish, ko‘rik-tanlov va sport musobaqalaridagi faollik, volontyorlik va jamoatchilik ishlari, teatr, muzey va tarixiy joylarga tashriflar, shuningdek, sog‘lom turmush tarziga amal qilish kabi mezonlar bo‘yicha talaba faolligi yoritilgan. Maqolada talabani har tomonlama yetuk, mas’uliyatli va intiluvchan shaxs sifatida shakllantirishda ushbu mezonlarning o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi.
Umumiy o‘rta ta’limda Tasviriy san’at darslarida interfaol va innovatsion metodlarni qo‘llashning pedagogik asoslari
Tasviriy san’at darslari o‘quvchilarning ijodiy fikrlashini, estetik didini va vizual tafakkurini rivojlantirishda muhim o‘rin tutadi. Biroq an’anaviy o‘qitish metodlari o‘quvchilarning faol ishtirokini yetarli darajada ta’minlamaydi va ularning ijodiy salohiyatini to‘liq ochishga imkon bermaydi. Shu sababli, umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktablarida interfaol va innovatsion metodlarni qo‘llash, dars jarayonini qiziqarli, samarali va zamonaviy pedagogik talablar bilan uyg‘unlashtirish dolzarb ilmiy va amaliy masala hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqola tasviriy san’at darslarida interfaol metodlar, texnologik vositalar va innovatsion yondashuvlarni tadbiq etishning pedagogik asoslarini tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan
Umumiy o‘rta ta’limda tasviriy san’at darslarida ijodiy va interfaol metodlarni rivojlantirish
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqola umumiy o‘rta ta’lim muassasalarida tasviriy san’at darslarini takomillashtirishda ijodiy va interfaol metodlarni qo‘llashning ahamiyatini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqot jarayonida o‘quvchilarning ijodiy salohiyatini oshirish, darsga qiziqishini kuchaytirish va pedagogik jarayonni samarali tashkil etish bo‘yicha metodik yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada innovatsion va interfaol usullar, shuningdek, darslarda ijodiy va mantiqiy vazifalarni qo‘llashning pedagogik asoslari keltiriladi.
O‘quvchilarning tasviriy madaniyatini rivojlantirishda manzara ishlashning roli
Mazkur maqolada o‘quvchilarning tasviriy madaniyatini rivojlantirishda manzara janrining o‘rni va ahamiyati yoritilgan. Manzara ishlash jarayonida o‘quvchilarning tabiatni badiiy idrok etish, estetik his-tuyg‘ularini ifoda etish hamda ijodiy tafakkurini rivojlantirish yo‘llari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, o‘quvchilarda tasviriy san’at kompetensiyalarini shakllantirishda zamonaviy pedagogik yondashuvlar, xususan, interfaol va innovatsion metodlarning samarasi asoslab berilgan.
The Role of Landscape Work in Developing Creativity and Observational Skills in Students
Abstract: This article examines the significance of working in the landscape genre for the development of students’ creativity and observational skills in fine arts education. It discusses how landscape painting encourages careful observation of nature, critical analysis of visual elements, and the expression of personal artistic ideas. The study highlights the use of innovative teaching methods, such as interactive projects, digital visualization tools, outdoor painting (plein-air), and the “flipped classroom” approach, which enhance students’ engagement, foster independent thinking, and strengthen both artistic and cognitive abilities.
FOSTERING CREATIVITY THROUGH VISUAL LITERACY AND COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACHES
Abstract: Developing creativity in art education requires the integration of visual literacy and competency-based approaches. This article explores strategies for enhancing students’ creative abilities by improving their capacity to interpret, analyze, and create visual content. Through competency-focused projects, guided exercises, and reflective practice, students acquire essential skills in composition, color harmony, and aesthetic judgment. Visual literacy equips students with the ability to decode artistic elements and communicate ideas effectively, while competency-based methods ensure the systematic development of both technical and creative skills. The study emphasizes practical techniques for fostering innovation, critical thinking, and self-expression in art classrooms.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH ON ENHANCING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE ACTIVITY IN ORNAMENTAL ART LESSONS
Abstract: This article presents a practical study aimed at enhancing students’ creative activity in ornamental art lessons. The research investigates methods, strategies, and teaching techniques that stimulate creativity, engagement, and artistic competencies. Using project-based learning, collaborative exercises, and interactive digital tools, students were encouraged to explore, experiment, and develop original designs. Data were collected through observation, portfolio analysis, and reflective assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions. The findings indicate that structured practical activities, combined with guidance and feedback, significantly improve students’ creative motivation, aesthetic judgment, and ability to make innovative artistic decisions.
“Fostering Creativity and Artistic Competencies through Visual Arts Education in Schools and Universities”
Abstract: This article explores the role of visual arts in fostering creativity and artistic competencies in students across school and higher education levels. It emphasizes how early exposure to visual arts supports cognitive, aesthetic, and creative development, and how higher education further strengthens these skills through complex projects and independent work. The study highlights the importance of integrating visual arts in curricula to promote holistic student development and prepare them for professional artistic careers.
“The Impact of Visual Arts Education on Students’ Creative and Cognitive Development in Schools and Universities”
Abstract: This article explores the influence of visual arts education on students’ creative and cognitive development in school and higher education. It emphasizes how early exposure to visual arts enhances observation, critical thinking, and imaginative skills, while higher education further refines these abilities through advanced projects and interdisciplinary approaches. The study highlights the importance of integrating visual arts across educational levels to foster holistic development and prepare students for creative careers.
Tasviriy San’at Darslarida O‘quvchilarda Badiiy Tafakkur va Grafik Ko‘nikmalarini Rivojlantirishning Pedagogik Imkoniyatlari
Anatatsiya: Ushbu maqolada tasviriy san’at darslarida o‘quvchilarda badiiy tafakkur va grafik ko‘nikmalarni rivojlantirishning pedagogik asoslari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada Shovdirov S.A.ning ilmiy ishlari asosida interfaol metodlar, ijodiy mashg‘ulotlar va amaliy topshiriqlar orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy va texnik salohiyatini oshirish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, o‘quvchilarni mustaqil ishlashga, turli grafika uslublarini qo‘llashga va estetik didni shakllantirishga yo‘naltirishdagi pedagogik imkoniyatlar ko‘rib chiqilgan.
WATER–SALT BALANCE AND DYNAMICS OF THE SALINIZATION PROCESS IN IRRIGATED LANDS (ANALYSIS USING THE SALDMOD/INTERACT MODEL)
Abstract: Salinization remains one of the major constraints to sustainablecrop production in irrigated regions, where improper water management and high groundwater tables accelerate salt accumulation in soils. This study investigates thewater–salt balance and the temporal dynamics of soil salinity in irrigated lands using the SaldMod/INTERACT modeling framework. The model was applied to simulate soilmoisture regimes, groundwater–surface water interactions, and salt transport processesunder varying irrigation, drainage, and climatic conditions. Field data on soil texture, groundwater depth, irrigation volumes, and salinity levels were incorporated to calibrate and validate the simulations. The results reveal critical periods of salt accumulation driven by evapotranspiration and insufficient leaching, while effective drainage and optimized irrigation scheduling significantly reduced salinity buildup. Model outputs demonstrate strong agreement with observed field measurements, indicating the reliability of SaldMod/INTERACT for assessing salinity risks and evaluating management scenarios. Overall, the findings highlight the necessity of integrated water management strategies to maintain a favorable water–salt balance and prevent long-term degradation of irrigated soils
YANGI O’ZBEKISTONNING KO’P TOMONLAMA DIPLOMATIYASIDA YEVROPA ITTIFOQINING TUTGAN O’RNIGA DOIR
This report discusses the situation that arose in Eurasia in the recent past of Uzbekistan, more precisely, in the early 90s of the last century, which aroused interest in Central Asia and hopes for mutual cooperation in Europe. If earlier the removal of the "iron curtain" that "blocked" this region from Europe marked a fundamental change in the attitude of European countries to Central Asia, today, more than 30 years later, the intensification of practical actions has become the main topic of the agenda of negotiations between the parties. The growing interest in this region in Europe is reflected in various political and economic aspects and processes. In this work, the researcher presents scientific views on the place of the European Union in the system of multilateral foreign relations of New Uzbekistan, based on the international and regional situation. The author analyzes the topic based on the principles of historicity, objectivity and impartiality and shares a number of suggestions and comments.
Propargil spirti va ikkilamchi aminlar asosida sintez qilingan mahsulotdan olingan moddalarning efirlarini olish texnalogiyasi
Ushbu maqola 4-dietilaminobut-2-in-1-ol birikmasining sintezi bo'yicha laboratoriya tajribasini taqdim etadi. Sintez A³-coupling reaksiyasi asosida amalga oshirilgan bo'lib, paraformaldehid, propargil spirti va dietilamin reagentlari CuSO₄ katalizatori ishtirokida 1,4-dioksan erituvchisida 84°C haroratda 7 soat davomida o'tkazilgan. Reaksiya mexanizmi iminium ioni hosil bo'lishi va metallasetilidning nukleofilik hujumini o'z ichiga oladi. Olingan mahsulot suv va HCl bilan neytrallangan holda ajratilgan bo'lib, hosildorlik 70-95% ni tashkil etadi. Ushbu usul organik sintezda propargilamin va aminospirtlar olish uchun samarali yondashuv hisoblanadi.
Цеолитли катализаторлар ёрдамида мазут ва ишлатилган мойларни крекинглаш жараёнларини тадқиқ қилиш
Ушбу ишда мазут ва ишлатилган мойларни цеолитли катализаторлар ёрдамида каталитик крекинглаш жараёнлари тадқиқ этилди. 13X ва ZSM-5 туридаги цеолит катализаторларининг химиявий тузилиши, кислота марказлари ва порозлиги реакция самарадорлигига таъсири ўрганилди. Таҷриба натижаларига кўра, ZSM-5 катализатори бензин фракциясининг ҳосил бўлишини сезиларли даражада ошириши ҳамда қолдиқ миқдорини камайтириши аниқланди. Оғир углеводород чиқиндиларини қайта ишлаш ёқилғи ресурсларини тежаш ва экологик таъсирни камайтиришга хизмат қилади.
Clinical and pathogenetic course of pneumonia in young children with endotoxemia
Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children of early age. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the disease are complex and multifactorial, with endotoxemia playing a critical role in disease progression. Endotoxins derived from Gram-negative bacteria trigger systemic inflammatory responses, leading to immune dysregulation, tissue damage, and worsened clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinico-pathogenetic features of pneumonia in young children complicated by endotoxemia. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data from patients aged 0 to 3 years were analyzed to assess the correlation between endotoxemia markers and disease severity. The findings demonstrate that elevated endotoxin levels are significantly associated with increased pneumonia severity and adverse clinical manifestations. Monitoring endotoxemia biomarkers and implementing targeted therapeutic interventions may improve prognosis and treatment efficacy in this vulnerable population. Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic and treatment strategies for pediatric pneumonia complicated by endotoxemia.
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ СОРБЕНТОВ В ГАЗОПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ
В работе рассмотрены современные методы регенерации сорбентов, применяемых в газоперерабатывающей промышленности для осушки, очистки и извлечения компонентов природного газа. Проанализированы традиционные термические и химические технологии восстановления адсорбционных материалов, а также инновационные подходы: микроволновая регенерация, суперметод критических флюидов, плазменная обработка и электроимпульсная регенерация. Сравнительный анализ позволил оценить эффективность, энергозатраты, экологическую безопасность и применимость методов для промышленных условий. На основе проведённого исследования предложены рекомендации по выбору оптимальной технологии регенерации сорбентов с учетом типа загрязнения, характеристик установки и экономических факторов.
ANTIGIPERTENZIV TA’SIRGA EGA EKSTRAKTNING TARKIBIY QISMINI MASS-SPEKTROMETRIYA USULIDA ANIQLASH
Zirk (Berberis vulgaris L.) - berberin, palmitin kabi alkaloidlarga boy dorivor o‘simlik bo‘lib, yurak-qon tomir tizimini qo‘llab-quvvatlash va antigipertenziv ta’siri bilan alohida o’rin egallaydi. Shuningdek, arslonquyruq o’simligi (Leonurus cardiaca L.) o’z tarkibida staxidrin va leonurin moddalari mavjud bo’lganligi sababli yurak-qon tomir kasalliklarida va asab tizimini tinchlantiruvchi vosita sifatida amaliyotda keng qo’llaniladi. Yuqorida keltirilgan dorivor o’simliklar asosida olingan qiyomning tarkibi zamonaviy va yuqori samarali mass-spektrometriya (LC/MS) usulida tahlil qilindi [1].
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ ARTISTIC LITERACY AND CREATIVE SKILLS IN VISUAL ARTS LESSONS
Abstract: This article explores pedagogical approaches for developing students’ artistic literacy and creative skills in visual arts lessons. Drawing on the research of Shovdirov S.A., the study highlights the effectiveness of interactive methods, practical exercises, and creative assignments in enhancing students’ artistic thinking and aesthetic competence. The article also examines ways to foster independent work, promote creative approaches, and develop visual perception and problem-solving skills in students.
“Promoting Critical Thinking in Visual Arts Lessons for Grades 5–7 through Flipped Classroom Technology”
This article examines the use of flipped classroom technology to promote critical thinking and artistic skills in grades 5–7 students during visual arts lessons. The study shows that flipped lessons, where students engage with instructional materials at home and focus on active creation and discussion in class, improve problem-solving abilities, enhance creativity, and increase student engagement. The integration of flipped classroom strategies encourages independent learning, collaborative work, and active participation in the artistic process.
“Developing Students’ Artistic Competencies through Role-Playing Techniques in Visual Arts Lessons for Grades 5–7”
This article explores the application of role-playing techniques in visual arts lessons for grades 5–7 to develop students’ artistic competencies and creativity. The study demonstrates that role-playing encourages active participation, enhances problem-solving abilities, and fosters collaboration among students. By integrating role-playing into classroom activities, students engage in imaginative scenarios that support critical thinking, artistic expression, and the development of visual literacy.
UMUMIY O‘RTA TA’LIM MAKTABLARIDA O‘QUVCHILARNING GRAFIK SAVODXONLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASI (8-9 SINFLAR MISOLIDA)
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktablarida 8-9-sinf o‘quvchilarining grafik savodxonligini rivojlantirish metodikasi o‘rganiladi. Grafik savodxonlik o‘quvchilarda tasviriy ifoda, kompozitsion fikrlash va vizual tafakkurni shakllantirishga yordam beradi. Maqolada innovatsion pedagogik yondashuvlar, interfaol dars metodlari va amaliy mashg‘ulotlar orqali o‘quvchilarning grafik kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish usullari ta’kidlangan. Shu bilan birga, o‘qituvchining yo‘riqchilik roli, ijodiy faoliyatni rag‘batlantirish va baholash tizimi ham muhimligi ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Maqola o‘quvchilarning individual va guruhdagi ijodiy qobiliyatlarini oshirishga qaratilgan metodik tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
UMUMIY O‘RTA TA’LIM MAKTABLARIDA O‘QUVCHILARNING TASVIRIY VA GRAFIK KOMPETENSIYALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASI (8-9 SINFLAR MISOLIDA)
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktablarida 8-9-sinf o‘quvchilarining tasviriy va grafik kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish metodikasi o‘rganiladi. Grafik va tasviriy savodxonlik o‘quvchilarda vizual tafakkur, kompozitsion fikrlash va ijodiy ifodani shakllantirishga yordam beradi. Maqolada interfaol pedagogik metodlar, amaliy mashg‘ulotlar va innovatsion texnologiyalar orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy va grafik ko‘nikmalarini takomillashtirish usullari ta’kidlangan. Shu bilan birga, o‘qituvchining yo‘riqchilik roli, baholash tizimi va o‘quvchilarni rag‘batlantirishning samarali yo‘llari ham keltirilgan. Maqola o‘quvchilarning individual va guruhdagi ijodiy faoliyatini oshirishga qaratilgan metodik tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
Innovative Pedagogical Approaches in Visual Arts Education for Developing Students’ Creative Thinking
Abstract: This article examines the role of innovative pedagogical approaches in visual arts education for fostering students’ creative thinking. It highlights the effectiveness of modern teaching strategies, including flipped classroom models, project-based learning, and interactive methods, in enhancing artistic competence and encouraging independent, critical, and imaginative thinking. Drawing on the research of Shovdirov S.A. and other scholars, the article emphasizes how integrating innovative methods in visual arts lessons nurtures students’ aesthetic sensibilities, problem-solving skills, and creativity, thereby improving the overall quality of art education.
THE IMPACT OF INTERACTIVE AND INNOVATIVE METHODS ON STUDENTS’ ARTISTIC COMPETENCE IN VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION
Abstract: This article investigates the influence of interactive and innovative teaching methods on the development of students’ artistic competence in visual arts education. Emphasis is placed on strategies such as project-based learning, flipped classroom, and digital technologies, which foster creativity, critical thinking, and independent problem-solving skills. Drawing on the research of Shovdirov S.A. and other scholars, the article demonstrates how the integration of modern pedagogical approaches enhances students’ aesthetic perception, artistic literacy, and overall engagement in art education.
TIZIMLI SAN’AT TA’LIMI 5–7 SINFLARDA RANG, YORUG‘LIK VA SHAKLNI O‘RGATISH
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada 5–7-sinflarda tizimli san’at ta’limi jarayonida rang, yorug‘lik va shaklni o‘rgatish metodikasi yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda o‘quvchilarning badiiy idrokini shakllantirish, rang va yorug‘lik o‘zaro bog‘liqligini anglash, shuningdek, shakl tuzilishini to‘g‘ri tasvirlashga o‘rgatish bosqichlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada tizimli yondashuv asosida o‘qitishning samaradorligini oshirish, o‘quvchilarning ijodiy fikrlashini rivojlantirish hamda ularni rangtasvir jarayoniga faol jalb etish yo‘llari ko‘rsatib beriladi.
TEACHING VISUAL ARTS IN GRADES 5–7 USING A TIERED STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH
Abstract: This article explores the implementation of a tiered, step-by-step approach in teaching visual arts to students in grades 5–7. The study emphasizes the importance of structuring lessons in progressive stages, allowing learners to develop artistic skills systematically while enhancing creativity, observation, and aesthetic understanding. By moving from basic exercises to more complex compositions, students gain confidence in their abilities and cultivate both technical proficiency and expressive competence. The tiered approach also integrates modern pedagogical strategies, including project-based learning, interactive activities, and digital tools, to engage students effectively. This method supports the development of visual literacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving, while fostering a deeper appreciation of art and cultural heritage.
THE DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION AND METHODS OF ITS CALCULATION
Abstract: This article explores the concept of the differential of a function in calculus. The differential provides a linear approximation of a function's change in response to small variations in its input. The paper discusses the formal definition of differentials, their relationship with derivatives, rules of computation, and practical applications in approximation, physics, and engineering. Special attention is given to methods of calculating differentials for single-variable and multivariable functions.
Abstract: This paper explores the mathematical concepts of monotonicity and extrema of real-valued functions. These characteristics play a crucial role in the study of calculus, optimization, and mathematical modeling. The article introduces formal definitions, analytical tools such as derivatives to determine increasing or decreasing behavior, and conditions for identifying local and global extrema. Practical applications in economics, physics, and engineering are also discussed.
MAKTABLARDA DARSDAN TASHGARI TO‘GARAK MASHG‘ULOTLARIDA O‘QUVCHILARNI ZAMONAVIY INNOVATSION BILIMLARGA O‘RGATISH
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada maktablarda darsdan tashqari to‘garak mashg‘ulotlarida o‘quvchilarni zamonaviy innovatsion bilimlarga o‘rgatish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotda innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalar, interaktiv metodlar va raqamli resurslardan foydalanish orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy va intellektual salohiyatini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, to‘garak mashg‘ulotlarida innovatsion yondashuvlar o‘quvchilarni mustaqil fikrlashga, tadqiqotga va ijodiy faoliyatga jalb qilishdagi pedagogik ahamiyati yoritiladi.
“Maktablarda darsdan tashqari to‘garak mashg‘ulotlari orqali o‘quvchilarni zamonaviy innovatsion bilimlarga o‘rgatish”
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada maktablarda darsdan tashqari to‘garak mashg‘ulotlari orqali o‘quvchilarni zamonaviy innovatsion bilimlarga o‘rgatishning ahamiyati va samarali usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotda interaktiv pedagogik metodlar, loyihaviy ishlash va raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy va intellektual salohiyatini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada o‘quvchilarning mustaqil fikrlashini rag‘batlantirish va ularni innovatsion faoliyatga jalb qilish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT THROUGH EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
Abstract: This paper explores the role of education management in promoting women’s empowerment. By examining how inclusive, gender-sensitive educational leadership and policies contribute to social, economic, and political progress for women, the study highlights the importance of integrating women into decision-making roles within education systems. The findings reveal that when women are not only educated but also actively engaged in managing and leading educational institutions, it fosters broader societal transformation and gender equality.
EMPOWERING GLOBAL COMPETENCE THROUGH ENGLISH EDUCATION: A STRATEGIC POLICY APPROACH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Abstract: In an increasingly interconnected world, global competence has become a crucial skill for the 21st-century workforce. English, as a global lingua franca, plays a pivotal role in enabling individuals to participate in international dialogue, access global knowledge, and compete in the global job market. This paper investigates how developing countries can strategically use English education to build global competence among students. The study emphasizes policy-level approaches that ensure equitable access, curriculum alignment, teacher training, and technological integration. Findings reveal that a well-designed national English education strategy significantly enhances students' ability to engage globally and contribute to sustainable development.
Talabalarda tasviriy san’at orqali badiiy tafakkur va madaniy idrokni rivojlantirish metodikasi
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada talabalarda tasviriy san’at orqali badiiy tafakkur va madaniy idrokni shakllantirish pedagogik metodikalari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot san’at asarlarini tahlil qilish, loyiha asosida o‘qitish, interaktiv mashg‘ulotlar va reflektiv metodlardan foydalanish orqali talabalarning estetik tafakkurini va madaniy kompetentligini rivojlantirish strategiyalarini o‘rganadi.
DEVELOPING ARTISTIC THINKING AND CULTURAL AWARENESS IN STUDENTS THROUGH VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION
Abstract: This article explores pedagogical methods for developing students' artistic thinking and cultural awareness through visual arts education. The study examines strategies for enhancing students’ aesthetic perception and creative skills using art analysis, project-based learning, interactive lessons, and reflective techniques. The research emphasizes the integration of cognitive, emotional, and aesthetic components to foster a deeper understanding of artworks and to cultivate both artistic literacy and cultural competence among students.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE AND PROFESSIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN VISUAL ARTS LESSONS: PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES
Abstract: This article examines pedagogical and psychological approaches to enhancing students’ creative and professional engagement in visual arts lessons. It discusses the role of interactive teaching methods, project-based learning, individualized support, and motivational strategies in fostering students’ artistic skills and creative thinking. The study emphasizes the importance of creating an encouraging and resource-rich classroom environment to maximize students’ creative potential and professional development.
FOSTERING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION: PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Abstract: This article explores pedagogical and psychological methods for fostering students’ creative and professional competencies in visual arts education. It focuses on the role of interactive teaching methods, project-based learning, individualized support, and motivation systems in enhancing students’ artistic skills and professional development. The study emphasizes the importance of creating a supportive, resource-rich, and stimulating classroom environment to maximize students’ creative potential and professional engagement.
Boshqotirmali masalalarning o‘quvchilarda tahliliy fikrlashni rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati
ANOTATSIYA: Mazkur maqolada boshqotirmali masalalarning o‘quvchilarda tahliliy fikrlashni rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati yoritilgan. Boshqotirmali masalalar o‘quvchilarning mantiqiy mushohada yuritish, mustaqil fikrlash, muammoni hal etish va ijodiy yondashuv ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishda muhim vosita sifatida qaraladi. Tadqiqotda bu turdagi masalalarning o‘quv jarayonida qo‘llanilishining pedagogik afzalliklari, ularni samarali tashkil etish yo‘llari hamda o‘qituvchining yo‘naltiruvchi roli tahlil qilingan.
Methods of Developing Students’ Attention and Perseverance through Solving Puzzle Problems.
Annotation: This article examines the pedagogical and psychological foundations of developing students’ attention and perseverance through solving puzzle problems in the learning process. Puzzle-based learning is presented as an effective educational method that stimulates students’ curiosity, strengthens their concentration, and cultivates the habit of persistent problem-solving. The research emphasizes that regular engagement with logical and visual puzzles enhances not only intellectual flexibility but also emotional resilience, patience, and motivation. By integrating puzzles into the teaching of mathematics, drawing, and technical subjects, educators can create a stimulating environment that promotes deep thinking and sustained focus. The article also discusses effective methods and strategies for selecting, organizing, and adapting puzzle problems to different age groups and cognitive levels of students.
Developing Creative Thinking and Composition Skills through Visual Arts in Secondary School Students
Abstract: This article explores the pedagogical foundations for developing creative thinking and composition skills in secondary school students through visual arts. Visual arts enhance students’ artistic thinking, aesthetic taste, and the ability to make creative decisions. The study analyzes effective methods and approaches based on the research of Shovdirov S. A. and other scholars. Additionally, the article highlights the role of interactive teaching methods and modern technologies in fostering students’ creative abilities and compositional understanding.
Fostering Aesthetic Sensitivity and Artistic Skills through Visual Arts in Secondary School Students
Abstract: This article examines the role of visual arts education in fostering aesthetic sensitivity and artistic skills among secondary school students. Visual arts provide students with opportunities to explore color, form, and composition while developing creative thinking and problem-solving abilities. The study emphasizes pedagogical strategies, including interactive lessons, project-based learning, and digital tools, to enhance students’ artistic development. Research by Shovdirov S. A. and other scholars forms the theoretical foundation of the discussion.
Tasviriy san’at darslarida vizual tafakkur va estetik didni rivojlantirishning metodik imkoniyatlari
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada tasviriy san’at darslarida o‘quvchilarning vizual tafakkuri va estetik didini shakllantirishning metodik asoslari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada interfaol metodlar, amaliy mashg‘ulotlar va zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar yordamida o‘quvchilarning badiiy tafakkurini rivojlantirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, vizual tafakkur orqali estetik idrokni kuchaytirish va san’at asarlarini tahlil qilishning pedagogik ahamiyati yoritilgan.
Tasviriy san’at darslarida rang tushunchasi va kompozitsiyani o‘rgatishning pedagogik imkoniyatlari
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada tasviriy san’at darslarida o‘quvchilarda rang tushunchasi va kompozitsiya ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishning pedagogik asoslari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada turli didaktik usullar, interfaol metodlar va amaliy mashg‘ulotlar orqali o‘quvchilarning badiiy tafakkurini rivojlantirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, rang uyg‘unligi, shakl va kompozitsiya orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy tafakkurini rag‘batlantirish metodik imkoniyatlari yoritilgan.
FOSTERING CREATIVE AND AESTHETIC THINKING IN FINE ARTS EDUCATION THROUGH INNOVATIVE METHODS
Abstract: This article examines innovative approaches to developing students’ creative and aesthetic thinking in fine arts education. It highlights the use of interactive lessons, project-based learning, digital tools, and student-centered pedagogy to enhance visual thinking, artistic perception, and engagement with art. The study emphasizes creating a supportive and creative learning environment that encourages originality, experimentation, and critical evaluation of artworks.
INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING AESTHETIC AND CREATIVE SKILLS IN ART EDUCATION
Abstract: This article explores innovative strategies for enhancing students’ aesthetic and creative skills in art education. It highlights interactive teaching methods, project-based learning, digital technologies, and student-centered pedagogy as key tools to foster visual thinking, artistic perception, and creative expression. The study emphasizes the importance of providing a supportive and stimulating learning environment that nurtures originality, experimentation, and cultural appreciation.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ COMPOSITIONAL THINKING IN ART EDUCATION
Abstract: This article discusses the impact of innovative technologies on enhancing students’ compositional thinking in art education. Emphasis is placed on the use of digital tools, interactive learning platforms, flipped classrooms, and project-based learning as methods to improve artistic competencies, creative problem-solving, and analytical reasoning. The study highlights pedagogical strategies and technological integrations that support independent and critical thinking among students.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ COMPOSITIONAL THINKING IN ART EDUCATION
Abstract: This article explores the integration of innovative pedagogical approaches to enhance students’ compositional thinking in art education. The focus is on the use of digital tools, flipped classrooms, project-based learning, and interactive platforms to strengthen creative skills, critical thinking, and artistic competencies. The study provides practical strategies for implementing technology in classroom activities to support independent, analytical, and creative development among students.
Improving Listening Comprehension through Authentic Audio Materials
Annotation: This article examines the use of authentic audio materials in enhancing listening comprehension among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. It highlights how exposure to real-life speech, natural pronunciation, and diverse accents improves learners’ ability to understand spoken English in real contexts. Authentic audio resources such as podcasts, interviews, news reports, and movies help students develop not only listening comprehension but also cultural awareness and communicative competence. The findings emphasize that incorporating authentic materials increases motivation, promotes active engagement, and prepares learners for real-world communication.
Tasviriy san’at ta’limida innovatsion metodlar va ijodiy kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish
ANNOTATSIYA: Maqolada tasviriy san’at pedagogikasida innovatsion metodlar va interfaol ta’lim vositalari orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy kompetensiyalarini shakllantirish masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Shovdirov S. A. va boshqa zamonaviy tadqiqotchilarning ishlariga tayangan holda, maqolada loyiha asosida ta’lim, digital texnologiyalar va kreativ metodlar yordamida o‘quvchilarning badiiy savodxonligini oshirishning samarali usullari ko‘rsatiladi.
INTEGRATING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Abstract: This article examines the integration of digital technologies in visual arts education and their impact on student creativity, engagement, and artistic literacy. Drawing on Shovdirov S. A.’s research, it explores various digital tools, including graphic design software, 3D modeling, animation programs, and virtual/augmented reality platforms. The study also highlights challenges such as accessibility, technical proficiency, and balancing traditional and digital art practices, offering strategies to maximize educational benefits and prepare students for contemporary artistic and professional contexts.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL DYES AND ECOLOGICAL APPROACH IN BATIK ART
ABSTRACT: This article examines the significance of using natural dyes and an ecological approach in batik art. Batik, a traditional technique of applying wax and dye to fabric to create decorative patterns, provides students with opportunities to explore sustainable and environmentally friendly artistic practices. The study highlights the pedagogical benefits of employing natural dyes in educational settings, emphasizing how it encourages creativity, enhances aesthetic skills, and fosters awareness of environmental responsibility. Furthermore, the article discusses methods for integrating ecological principles into batik workshops, demonstrating how the combination of traditional art techniques and sustainable materials can enrich students’ understanding of both art and nature. The use of natural dyes not only promotes environmentally conscious behavior but also deepens students’ appreciation of cultural heritage, as many natural pigments have historical and regional significance. Overall, incorporating ecological approaches into batik education serves as a valuable pedagogical tool for developing artistic skills, environmental awareness, and responsible creative practices among schoolchildren.
Experiences of Integrating Batik Art into the Training Process of Fine Arts Teachers
ABSTRACT: This article explores the experiences of integrating batik art into the training process of fine arts teachers. Batik, a traditional wax-resist dyeing technique, offers unique pedagogical opportunities for developing both technical skills and creative competencies. The study highlights methods for incorporating batik into teacher education, emphasizing hands-on practice, cultural understanding, and aesthetic development. By engaging with batik techniques, future art teachers gain practical experience, enhance their creative thinking, and learn strategies for effectively teaching traditional arts to students. The article also examines challenges, benefits, and best practices in the integration process, illustrating how batik can serve as an educational tool to strengthen professional competence, creativity, and cultural awareness among trainee educators.
“Developing Students’ Artistic Competencies in Higher Education through Project-Based and Multimedia Learning”
Abstract: This article examines the integration of project-based learning (PBL) and multimedia resources in higher education fine arts courses to enhance students’ artistic competencies. The study focuses on methods to foster aesthetic literacy, creative thinking, and critical analysis by combining practical projects with digital tools and interactive learning platforms. Pedagogical strategies are proposed to effectively implement this integrated approach, improve student engagement, and support independent and collaborative learning.
“Innovative Methods for Teaching Fine Arts in Higher Education: Combining Flipped Classroom, Project-Based Learning, and Multimedia Tools”
Abstract: This article explores innovative teaching strategies for fine arts courses in higher education, combining flipped classroom methodology, project-based learning (PBL), and multimedia tools. The study examines how these approaches enhance students’ artistic perception, creative thinking, and aesthetic literacy. It also discusses pedagogical strategies to implement this integrated approach effectively, fostering student engagement, independent learning, and collaborative problem-solving in the context of fine arts education.
MADANIYAT MUASSASALARINI BOSHQARISHDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT VA AVTOMATLASHTIRISHNING O‘RNI
Ushbu maqolada madaniyat muassasalarini boshqarishda sun’iy intellekt (SI) va avtomatlashtirish texnologiyalarining o‘rni hamda imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Madaniyat sohasidagi axborot tizimlari, foydalanuvchi tajribasini optimallashtirish, raqamli arxivlar, tadbirlarni rejalashtirish va resurslarni boshqarish jarayonlarida SI va avtomatlashtirishning qo‘llanilishi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, ushbu texnologiyalar madaniyat muassasalarining samaradorligini oshirish, moliyaviy va inson resurslarini tejash, auditoriyani kengaytirish hamda madaniy merosni raqamlashtirishga xizmat qilishi ta’kidlanadi. Maqola madaniyat sohasida raqamli transformatsiya jarayonlariga oid innovatsion yondashuvlarni chuqur tahlil qilishga yo‘naltirilgan.
“Enhancing Professional Competencies of Physical Education Teachers in Higher Education through Interactive and Digital Learning Technologies”
Abstract: This article explores the enhancement of professional competencies of physical education teachers in higher education through the use of interactive and digital learning technologies. The study focuses on the integration of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and pedagogical reflection to develop teachers’ professional potential. It highlights the effectiveness of interactive lessons, online platforms, and modern teaching tools in improving lesson quality, student engagement, and holistic development. The article also examines strategies for implementing competency-based approaches and technological innovations in physical education instruction.
“Innovative Approaches to Developing Pedagogical Competencies of Physical Education Teachers in Higher Education”
Abstract: This article examines innovative approaches for developing pedagogical competencies of physical education teachers in higher education. It focuses on integrating competency-based methods, interactive learning, and digital technologies to enhance teachers’ professional skills. The study highlights how these strategies improve lesson quality, student engagement, and holistic development. Practical examples and strategies for implementing innovative teaching methods in higher education are discussed, emphasizing their role in fostering professional growth and improving educational outcomes.
SAN’AT TA’LIMIDA TALABALAR IJODIY QOBILIYATLARINI SHAKLLANTIRISHDA INNOVATSION METODLAR
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada san’at ta’limida talabalar ijodiy qobiliyatlarini shakllantirishda innovatsion metodlar va pedagogik yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada interfaol mashg‘ulotlar, loyiha asosidagi darslar va raqamli texnologiyalar talabalar ijodiy tafakkurini rivojlantirishda qanday samarali ishlatilishi ko‘rsatib berilgan. Shuningdek, pedagogik yondashuvlar va metodik vositalar ijodiy faoliyatni rag‘batlantirish, kompozitsion fikrlash va vizual tafakkurini oshirishdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan.
SAN’AT TA’LIMIDA TALABALAR IJODIY QOBILIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA INTERFAOL VA INNOVATSION METODLAR
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada san’at ta’limida talabalar ijodiy qobiliyatlarini shakllantirishda interfaol va innovatsion metodlarning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Loyiha asosidagi mashg‘ulotlar, guruh ishlari va raqamli texnologiyalar talabalarning ijodiy tafakkurini, kompozitsion fikrlashini va estetik qaror qabul qilish qobiliyatini rivojlantirishda qanday ishlatilishi ko‘rsatib berilgan. Pedagogik yondashuvlar va metodik vositalar ijodiy faoliyatni rag‘batlantirishda muhim vosita sifatida yoritilgan.
Milliy amaliy san’at namunalarini o‘quv jarayoniga integratsiya qilishning ijtimoiy-madaniy ahamiyati
Annotatsiya: Maqolada milliy amaliy san’at namunalarini o‘quv jarayoniga integratsiya qilishning ijtimoiy va madaniy ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Ushbu yondashuv o‘quvchilarda milliy madaniyatni anglash, estetik did va badiiy tafakkurni rivojlantirish, shuningdek, ijtimoiy qadriyatlar va xalq an’analariga hurmat ruhini shakllantirish imkonini beradi. Maqolada milliy amaliy san’atni ta’lim jarayonida tatbiq etishning metodik asoslari, innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalar va o‘quvchilarda madaniy xabardorlikni oshirish yo‘llari ko‘rsatib berilgan.
The Role of Project-Based Learning in Developing the Professional Culture of Future Art Teachers
Abstract: This article examines the role of project-based learning in developing the professional culture of future art teachers. Professional culture encompasses the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and ethical standards necessary for effective teaching and engagement in the field of art education. Project-based learning (PBL) provides a dynamic pedagogical approach that promotes active engagement, creativity, problem-solving, and collaboration, thereby enhancing the professional development of art teacher candidates. The study highlights how project-based learning fosters practical competencies, cultural awareness, and reflective practice in future educators. By working on creative projects, analyzing artistic problems, and producing tangible outcomes, students develop critical thinking, organizational skills, and professional responsibility. The article emphasizes that integrating PBL into art teacher education strengthens both pedagogical skills and the overall professional culture, preparing future educators to navigate complex educational environments and to cultivate creativity and cultural literacy in their students.
THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL ART IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY IN VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION
Abstract: This article examines the role of traditional art in fostering creativity among students in visual arts education. It highlights the significance of integrating national and cultural art forms into lessons to develop aesthetic literacy, critical thinking, and creative skills. The article discusses practical, interactive, and project-based teaching methods that help students explore and apply traditional artistic elements in contemporary visual art projects.
Enhancing Students’ Artistic Skills through Integration of National Traditions in Visual Arts Lessons
Abstract: This article explores strategies for enhancing students’ artistic skills by integrating national traditions into visual arts education. It focuses on developing creativity, aesthetic literacy, and an understanding of cultural heritage. The study discusses practical, project-based, and interactive teaching methods that allow students to apply traditional artistic elements in contemporary visual art projects. The article also provides guidance for educators on combining cultural heritage with modern pedagogical strategies to maximize engagement and learning outcomes.
NUROTA KASHTA SAN’ATIDAN FOYDALANIB AYOLLAR LIBOSLARINING MILLIY DIZAYN-LOYIHASINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada Nurota kashta san’ati elementlaridan foydalanib ayollar milliy liboslarining dizayn-loyihasini yaratishning badiiy, estetik hamda amaliy jihatlari yoritilgan. Nurota kashtachiligi o‘zining betakror naqshlari, ramziy mazmuni va rang uyg‘unligi bilan ajralib turadi. Ushbu maqolada milliy kashta san’ati namunalarini zamonaviy moda dizayniga uyg‘unlashtirish yo‘llari, dizayn jarayonining bosqichlari, rang va naqsh tanlashning psixologik asoslari, shuningdek, milliy qadriyatlarni zamonaviy estetik qarashlar bilan uyg‘unlashtirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, Nurota kashta elementlarini qo‘llash ayollar liboslariga milliylik, nafislik va badiiy ifoda beradi.
BUXORO KASHTA SAN’ATI ASOSIDA AYOLLAR LIBOSLARINING MILLIY DIZAYN-LOYIHASINI YARATISH
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada Buxoro kashta san’atining o‘ziga xos badiiy bezaklari, ramziy naqshlari va rang uyg‘unligi asosida ayollar milliy liboslarining dizayn-loyihasini ishlab chiqish masalalari yoritilgan. Buxoro kashtachiligi o‘zining nozik ishlov berilgan naqshlari va badiiy shakllari bilan xalq amaliy san’atining muhim tarmog‘idir. Maqolada milliy kashtachilik san’atini zamonaviy moda dizayniga uyg‘unlashtirish yo‘llari, estetik va psixologik omillar, milliy qadriyatlarni kiyim dizaynida ifodalash tamoyillari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot shuni ko‘rsatadiki, Buxoro kashta san’ati elementlarini ayollar liboslarida qo‘llash ularning milliylik, badiiylik va nafislik darajasini oshiradi hamda madaniy merosni zamonaviy tarzda davom ettirish imkonini beradi.
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Buxoro shahridagi madrasalarning tarixi, ularning diniy, ilmiy va madaniy hayotdagi o‘rni chuqur ilmiy tahlil qilinadi. Buxoro qadimdan musulmon Sharqining yirik ilm-ma’rifat markazlaridan biri bo‘lib, bu mavqe asosan uning madrasalari orqali shakllangan. IX–X asrlardan boshlab Buxoro madrasalari diniy ta’lim bilan bir qatorda falsafa, mantiq, astronomiya, tibbiyot, adabiyot kabi dunyoviy fanlarni ham o‘rgatgan. Samaniylar davrida boshlangan ilmiy-ma’rifiy harakatlar Shayboniylar va Buxoro xonligi davrida yuksak cho‘qqiga chiqdi. Mir Arab, Abdulazizxon, Ko‘kal-dosh, Modarixon, Ulug‘bek madrasalari nafaqat ilm maskani, balki me’moriy yodgorlik sifatida ham tarixiy ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada D. Alimova, V. V. Bartold, A. R. Xalidov kabi olimlar fikrlariga tayanib, bu madrasalarning o‘rta asrlar ta’lim tizimidagi o‘rni, ularning estetik va diniy qadriyatlarga qo‘shgan hissasi tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, sovet davridagi tazyiqlar, mustaqillik yillarida madrasalarning qayta tiklanishi va ularning zamonaviy ma’naviy-ma’rifiy hayotdagi ahamiyati haqida ham so‘z yuritiladi. Ushbu tadqiqot Buxoro madrasalarini Sharq ilmiy merosining ajralmas qismi sifatida baholash imkonini beradi.
“The Impact of Multimedia on Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes in Music Education”
ABSTRACT: This article explores the role of multimedia tools in enhancing student engagement and improving learning outcomes in music education. It examines how audio, visual, and interactive digital resources contribute to the development of students’ musical skills, creativity, and theoretical understanding. The study highlights the pedagogical benefits of integrating technology into music lessons, emphasizing increased motivation, independent learning, and active participation.
“Developing Students’ Musical Literacy through Multimedia and Digital Technologies”
ABSTRACT: This article examines the impact of multimedia and digital technologies on developing students’ musical literacy. It discusses how integrating audio, visual, and interactive tools into music education enhances theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and creative abilities. The study highlights the pedagogical advantages of using digital resources to increase student engagement, motivation, and independent learning in contemporary music classrooms.
THE ROLE OF COLORS AND EMBROIDERY IN UZBEK WOMEN’S TRADITIONAL CLOTHING
Abstract: This article explores the role of colors, embroidery, and decorative techniques in Uzbek women’s traditional clothing. Emphasis is placed on atlas and adras fabrics, the symbolic meanings of colors, and the use of gold-thread (zardozi) embroidery. The study examines how regional variations, traditional craftsmanship, and modern innovations combine to preserve cultural heritage and enhance aesthetic expression. The research also highlights the social and ceremonial significance of these garments in Uzbek culture.
REGIONAL VARIATIONS AND MODERN APPLICATIONS OF UZBEK WOMEN’S TRADITIONAL CLOTHING
Abstract: This article investigates the regional variations and modern applications of traditional Uzbek women’s clothing, with a focus on atlas and adras fabrics. The study examines the role of embroidery, zardozi (gold-thread work), pattern composition, and tailoring techniques in preserving cultural heritage and aesthetic values. It also explores how contemporary fashion designers integrate traditional motifs and techniques into modern clothing, bridging the gap between historical craftsmanship and contemporary trends.
“Pedagogical Approaches to Teaching Color Theory in Fine Arts Lessons”
Abstract: This article examines pedagogical approaches to teaching color theory in fine arts lessons. Understanding color theory is essential for developing students’ visual perception, creativity, and aesthetic judgment. The study explores methods for introducing primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, color harmony, contrast, and the emotional impact of colors. It also discusses practical exercises, interactive technologies, and assessment strategies that enhance students’ mastery of color principles and their application in creative projects.
“Teaching Perspective Techniques in Fine Arts Lessons: Pedagogical and Scientific Foundations”
This article explores the pedagogical and scientific foundations of teaching perspective techniques in fine arts lessons. Perspective is a crucial element in visual arts that enables students to depict depth, space, and proportion accurately. The study examines methods for teaching one-point, two-point, and multi-point perspective, integrating theoretical knowledge, practical exercises, and modern teaching technologies. Effective instruction in perspective develops students’ visual perception, compositional skills, and artistic creativity.
Alisher Navoiy Asarlarida Rang Massasining Badiiy Ifodasi va Uning Ilmiy Tahlili
Anatatsiya: Ushbu maqola Alisher Navoiy asarlarida rang massasining badiiy ifodasi va uning ilmiy tahlilini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda rang massasining obrazlarni jonlantirish, estetik hissiyotlarni yetkazish va kompozitsion muvozanatni yaratishdagi roli batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Navoiy ijodidagi badiiy obrazlarning ranglar orqali vizual ifodalanishi, fon bilan uyg‘unligi va rang kombinatsiyalarining psixologik ta’siri ham ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari tasviriy san’at darslarida rang massasi bilan ishlashning metodik jihatlarini aniqlash va o‘quvchilarda ijodiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishga imkon beradi.
Tasviriy San’atda Rang Massasi: Navoiy Ijodidagi Badiiy Yechimlar
Anatatsiya: Ushbu maqola tasviriy san’atda rang massasining badiiy yechimlari, xususan, Alisher Navoiy ijodidagi rang massasi orqali badiiy obrazlarni ifodalash masalasiga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda rang massasi yordamida kompozitsion uyg‘unlik, estetik hissiyot va obrazlarning vizual ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Navoiy asarlaridagi badiiy obrazlarning ranglar orqali jonlantirilishi, fon bilan uyg‘unligi va ranglarning psixologik ta’siri ham o‘rganiladi. Maqola natijalari tasviriy san’at darslarida rang massasi bilan ishlashning metodik jihatlarini aniqlash va o‘quvchilarda ijodiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishga yordam beradi.
Guruh va individual ishlarda milliy motivlardan foydalanish metodikasi
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada tasviriy san’at ta’limida guruh va individual ishlarda milliy motivlardan foydalanishning metodik asoslari yoritilgan. Maqolada o‘quvchilarni ijodiy faoliyatga jalb etish, ularning badiiy didi va milliy o‘zlikni anglashini rivojlantirishda milliy qadriyatlar, bezak san’ati, naqsh va ornamentlardan foydalanishning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, guruhli mashg‘ulotlar orqali o‘quvchilarning hamkorlikda ishlash, o‘zaro fikr almashish va ijodiy muhitda bir-biridan o‘rganish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish masalalari yoritiladi. Individual yondashuv esa o‘quvchilarning shaxsiy qobiliyatlari va badiiy tafakkurini rivojlantirishda muhim omil sifatida ko‘riladi.
Interfaol pedagogik yondashuvlar orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada interfaol pedagogik yondashuvlar orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish masalasi yoritilgan. Unda zamonaviy ta’lim jarayonida qo‘llanilayotgan interfaol metodlarning ahamiyati, ularning tasviriy san’at darslarida o‘quvchilarning mustaqil fikrlashi, estetik idroki va badiiy tafakkurini rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Maqolada “Aqliy hujum”, “Klaster”, “Rol o‘ynash”, “Blits-so‘rov”, “Bumerang” kabi metodlar yordamida o‘quvchilarning darsdagi faolligi, muloqot madaniyati va ijodiy yondashuvini shakllantirish yo‘llari ko‘rsatib berilgan. Interfaol yondashuvlar o‘quvchilarning ijodiy tafakkurini kengaytirish, o‘z g‘oyasini erkin ifodalash va amaliy san’at faoliyatida o‘zini sinab ko‘rish imkonini yaratadi.
Maktab chizmachilik darslarida interaktiv va virtual vositalardan foydalanish metodikasi
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada maktab chizmachilik darslarida interaktiv va virtual vositalardan foydalanish metodikasi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda o‘quvchilarning ijodiy va texnik ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish, darslarni interaktiv va samarali tashkil etish, shuningdek, virtual loyihalar, multimedia dasturlar va interaktiv mashg‘ulotlar orqali o‘quvchilarning mustaqil ijodiy faoliyatini rag‘batlantirishga qaratilgan pedagogik yondashuvlar ko‘rib chiqiladi.
Modern Methodological System for Developing Drawing Skills Based on Digital Technologies
Abstract: This article examines the modern methodological system for developing students’ drawing skills through the use of digital technologies. The integration of digital tools in the teaching of drafting enables a more interactive, visual, and practice-oriented learning environment. The study emphasizes the pedagogical and psychological aspects of forming spatial thinking, graphic literacy, and creative competencies in students by using digital drawing platforms, computer-aided design (CAD) software, and virtual simulators. The research also analyzes the methodological principles and stages of organizing digital-based drafting lessons in general secondary education. The results highlight that digital technology promotes learners’ motivation, independent work, and accuracy in performing graphic tasks, thus enhancing the overall effectiveness of fine arts and technical drawing education.
Milliy bezak va zamonaviy dekor elementlarini uyg‘unlashtirish orqali interyer dizaynini rivojlantirish
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada bino ichki interyerini milliy bezak elementlari va zamonaviy dekor vositalari orqali loyihalashning pedagogik va amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada rang, shakl, tekstura, yorug‘lik va makon kompozitsiyasini uyg‘unlashtirish orqali foydalanuvchi uchun estetik va funksional jihatdan boy interyer yaratish usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, o‘quvchilarda kreativ fikrlash, estetik idrok va amaliy dizayn ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishning samarali yondashuvlari ta’kidlanadi.
Bino ichki interyerida ekologik va milliy bezak elementlarini uyg‘unlashtirish orqali dizayn yaratish
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada bino ichki interyerini loyihalashda ekologik materiallar va milliy bezak elementlarini uyg‘unlashtirishning pedagogik va amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada rang, shakl, tekstura va yorug‘likning uyg‘unligini hisobga olgan holda foydalanuvchi uchun qulay va estetik makon yaratish usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, o‘quvchilarda kreativ fikrlash, ekologik madaniyat va estetik idrokni rivojlantirishning samarali yondashuvlari ta’kidlanadi.
Tasviriy san’at ta’limida milliy meros namunalaridan samarali foydalanish
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqola tasviriy san’at ta’limida milliy meros namunalaridan samarali foydalanish masalasini o‘rganadi. Milliy meros namunalarini dars jarayoniga integratsiya qilish o‘quvchilarning estetik tafakkuri, ijodiy salohiyati va madaniy ongini rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi. Maqolada pedagogik metodlar, darslarda milliy meros elementlarini qo‘llash usullari va o‘quvchilarning ijodiy faolligini oshirish yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari milliy meros namunalaridan samarali foydalanish o‘quv jarayonini boyitishini va o‘quvchilarning san’atga bo‘lgan qiziqishini oshirishini ko‘rsatadi.
TASVIRIY SAN’AT TA’LIMIDA MILLIY MEROS ELEMENTLARINI INTEGRATSIYALASHNING PEDAGOGIK AHAMIYATI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada tasviriy san’at ta’limida milliy meros namunalaridan foydalanishning pedagogik imkoniyatlari va samarali usullari tahlil qilinadi. Milliy meros elementlari orqali o‘quvchilarda estetik didni rivojlantirish, madaniy qadriyatlarni anglash va ijodiy kompetensiyalarni shakllantirish yo‘llari o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada ta’lim jarayonida milliy va zamonaviy uslublarni uyg‘unlashtirishning samarali strategiyalari keltiriladi.
“Maktab yoshidagi bolalarda xalq amaliy san’ati orqali estetik tafakkur va ijodiy qobiliyatni rivojlantirish”
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada maktab yoshidagi bolalarda xalq amaliy san’ati orqali estetik tafakkur va ijodiy qobiliyatni shakllantirish masalasi o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot davomida bolalarning naqsh va bezaklar yaratishdagi faoliyati, ranglar va shakllarni uyg‘unlashtirish, ularni taqdim etish va baham ko‘rish jarayoni tahlil qilingan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, xalq amaliy san’ati bolalarda milliy merosga hurmatni oshiradi, ijodiy tafakkur va estetik sezgini rivojlantiradi hamda bolalarda madaniy savodxonlikni shakllantirishda samarali vosita hisoblanadi.
“Promoting Creativity and Cultural Awareness in Children through Folk Applied Arts”
Abstract: This article explores the significance of folk applied arts in enhancing creativity, aesthetic skills, and cultural awareness in school-age children. Hands-on activities such as designing traditional patterns, working with colors and textures, and crafting ornaments help children develop fine motor skills, visual perception, and problem-solving abilities. Integrating folk arts into educational practice fosters creative thinking, social skills, and appreciation for cultural heritage, providing a holistic approach to child development.
“The Role of Drawing in Developing Visual Literacy and Artistic Skills in Students”
Abstract: This article examines the role of drawing in enhancing students’ visual literacy and artistic skills in visual arts education. It highlights how drawing exercises contribute to the development of creative thinking, aesthetic sensitivity, and technical competence. The article also discusses methods to integrate traditional motifs and cultural elements into drawing activities to foster cultural awareness and a deeper appreciation for national heritage.
Developing Creative Expression through Drawing in Visual Arts Education
Abstract: This article examines the role of drawing in fostering creative expression among students in visual arts education. It explores how structured drawing activities enhance technical skills, creative thinking, and cultural awareness. The study emphasizes the integration of traditional motifs and national values to support students’ artistic growth and appreciation of cultural heritage.
Oliy pedagogik ta’lim tizimida qalam tasvir fanini o‘qitish metodikasini takomillashtirish
Anotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada oliy pedagogik ta’lim tizimida “Qalam tasvir” fanini o‘qitish metodikasini takomillashtirish masalalari yoritilgan. Maqolada talabalarning badiiy idrokini, kuzatuvchanligini, tasviriy fikrlashini va amaliy malakalarini rivojlantirishda zamonaviy pedagogik yondashuvlarning o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, mashg‘ulot jarayonida innovatsion texnologiyalar, interfaol metodlar hamda ijodiy topshiriqlarni qo‘llash orqali ta’lim sifatini oshirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari “Qalam tasvir” fanini o‘qitishda nazariy bilimlarni amaliy mashg‘ulotlar bilan uyg‘unlashtirish muhimligini ko‘rsatadi.
OLIY PEDAGOGIK TA’LIM TIZIMIDA TASVIRIY SAN’AT FANLARINI O‘QITISHDA INNOVATSION YONDASHUVLAR
Anotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada oliy pedagogik ta’lim muassasalarida tasviriy san’at, xususan, qalam tasvir fanini o‘qitishda innovatsion texnologiyalar, interfaol metodlar va raqamli vositalardan foydalanishning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Bo‘lajak tasviriy san’at o‘qituvchilarining ijodiy tafakkurini rivojlantirish, estetik didini shakllantirish va amaliy ko‘nikmalarini mustahkamlashda zamonaviy pedagogik yondashuvlarning roli yoritiladi.
TASVIRIY SAN’AT TA’LIMIDA ESTETIK VA KREATIV FIKRLASHNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING MODERN USULLARI
Anotatsiya: Maqolada tasviriy san’at ta’limida o‘quvchilarning estetik va kreativ fikrlashini rivojlantirishning zamonaviy usullari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada interaktiv darslar, loyiha asosidagi mashg‘ulotlar va raqamli vositalar orqali o‘quvchilarning vizual tafakkuri, badiiy idroki va san’atga qiziqishi oshirishning samarali yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan yondashuv va kreativ ta’lim muhiti estetik fikrlashni rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati ta’kidlanadi.
TASVIRIY SAN’AT TA’LIMIDA KREATIV IQTISODIY VA ESTETIK FIKRLASHNI RIVOJLANTIRISH STRATEGIYALARI
Anotatsiya: Maqolada tasviriy san’at ta’limida o‘quvchilarning estetik va kreativ fikrlashini shakllantirish strategiyalari tahlil qilinadi. O‘quvchilarning vizual tafakkuri, badiiy idroki va ijodiy salohiyatini rivojlantirishda interaktiv darslar, loyiha asosidagi mashg‘ulotlar va raqamli vositalarning roli ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan yondashuv va ijodiy ta’lim muhiti estetik tafakkur va badiiy idrokni mustahkamlashda samarali vosita sifatida ta’kidlanadi.
LOGISTIKADA BLOKCHEYN TEXNOLOGIYASINING ROLI: AXBOROT ALMASHINUVINI XAVFSIZ VA SAMARALI TASHKILIY ASOSLASH
Annotatsiya:Ushbu maqolada blokcheyn texnologiyasining logistika tizimlaridagi roliga doir ilmiy yondoshuvlar va amaliy tavsiyalar keltirilgan. Logistika sohasida samarali axborot almashinuvi va ma'lumotlar xavfsizligi muhim ahamiyatga ega. Blokcheyn texnologiyasi bu sohada shaffoflikni, ishonchlilikni va xavfsizlikni ta'minlashda qo‘l keladi. Maqolada blokcheynning logistika jarayonlarida, ayniqsa, ta'minot zanjirida qanday ishlashini, uning afzalliklarini va amaliy qo‘llanilishini o‘rganishga harakat qilingan. Shuningdek, bu texnologiya yordamida logistika kompaniyalari qanday tezkor va samarali qarorlar qabul qilishlari mumkinligi haqida ham so‘z yuritiladi.
AVTOMATLASHTIRILGAN LOGISTIKA TIZIMLARIDA SUN'IY INTELLEKT VA MASHINA O‘RGANISH TEXNOLOGIYALARINING AXBOROT ALMASHINUVIGA TA'SIRI
Annotatsiya:Ushbu maqolada avtomatlashtirilgan logistika tizimlarida sun'iy intellekt (SI) va mashina o‘rganish (MO) texnologiyalarining axborot almashinuviga ta'siri o‘rganiladi. Logistika va ta'minot zanjirlaridagi jarayonlarning optimallashtirilishi uchun zamonaviy texnologiyalar, xususan, SI va MO, katta imkoniyatlar yaratadi. Ushbu texnologiyalar yordamida logistika tizimlarida axborot almashinuvining tezligi, aniqligi va samaradorligi sezilarli darajada oshadi. Maqolada SI va MO texnologiyalarining logistika jarayonlaridagi qo‘llanilishi, ular orqali axborot almashinuvini qanday yaxshilash mumkinligi va logistik tizimlarning samaradorligini oshirishdagi roli tahlil qilinadi.
LOGISTIKADA RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARNI INTEGRATSIYA QILISH: SUN'IY INTELLEKT, MASHINA O‘RGANISH VA KATTA MA'LUMOTLAR BILAN TIZIMLARNI OPTIMALLASHTIRISH
Annotatsiya:Ushbu maqolada logistikada raqamli texnologiyalarni integratsiya qilish, xususan, sun'iy intellekt (SI), mashina o‘rganish (MO) va katta ma'lumotlar (KM) texnologiyalarining logistik tizimlarni optimallashtirishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Bugungi kunda logistika va ta'minot zanjirlarining samaradorligini oshirish uchun an'anaviy boshqaruv usullaridan raqamli texnologiyalarni joriy etish zarur. Ushbu maqolada texnologiyalarning integratsiyasi orqali logistika jarayonlarining avtomatlashtirilishi, axborot almashinuvi samaradorligi va operatsion samaradorlikni oshirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi.
O‘qituvchining rahbarligi o‘quvchilarning ijodkorlik va texnologik kompetensiyalariga ta’siri
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada o‘qituvchining rahbarligi o‘quvchilarning ijodkorlik va texnologik kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. O‘qituvchining metodik rahbarligi va pedagogik qo‘llab-quvvatlashi o‘quvchilarga amaliy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish, ijodiy fikrlash va muammolarni hal qilish qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish imkonini beradi. Tadqiqot shuni ko‘rsatadiki, samarali rahbarlik o‘quvchilarning motivatsiyasini oshiradi, ularni mustaqil ishlashga rag‘batlantiradi va texnologik kompetensiyalarini mustahkamlaydi.
DEVELOPING CREATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCIES THROUGH BLENDED LEARNING APPROACHES
Abstract: This article examines how blended learning approaches can enhance students’ creative and technological competencies. By integrating traditional classroom instruction with digital learning tools, blended learning provides a flexible, interactive, and engaging educational environment. The study highlights that combining face-to-face activities with online platforms fosters problem-solving, innovative thinking, and technological skills. Understanding the benefits of blended learning helps educators design strategies that simultaneously support creativity and technological development.
SOYA OʻSIMLIGINI SHOʻR YERLARDA YETISHTIRISH TEXNOLOGIYASI
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada shoʻr yerlar sharoitida soya oʻsimligini yetishtirish texnologiyasining xususiyatlari, muammolari va ularni bartaraf etish yoʻllari tahlil qilinadi. Soya – yuqori oqsilga ega dukkakli ekin boʻlib, salinatsiyalangan tuproqlarda yetishtirishda agrotexnik yondashuvlar, nav tanlovi va meliorativ tadbirlarning o‘rni muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Maqolada tuproq sho‘rlanishining o‘simlik o‘sishiga ta’siri, sho‘r yerlarga chidamli navlardan foydalanish, meliorativ ishlar, biologik va kimyoviy chora-tadbirlar, shuningdek, suv va o‘g‘itlash texnologiyalari haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Shoʻr yerlar salohiyatidan samarali foydalanish orqali soya yetishtirish imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish yoʻllari tavsiya etiladi.
Developing Students’ Creative and Visual Thinking through Painting in Educational Process
Abstract: This article examines methods for developing students’ creative and visual thinking through painting in the educational process. Painting lessons help students not only acquire technical skills but also enhance their aesthetic taste, visual thinking, and problem-solving abilities. The article explores pedagogical approaches, interactive methods, and composition work as ways to foster students’ creative competencies.
The Role of Painting in Developing Students’ Visual Literacy and Creative Skills”
Abstract: This article examines the significance of painting in fostering students’ visual literacy and creative skills. It highlights pedagogical strategies, interactive learning methods, and the use of modern technologies to enhance students’ aesthetic perception and artistic expression. The study emphasizes the importance of both individual and collaborative painting activities in higher education.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MONOLINGUAL VS. BILINGUAL PRIMARY EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF SOCIAL MOBILITY
Annotation: This article presents a comparative analysis of monolingual and bilingual primary education systems, focusing on their respective impacts on social mobility. It examines how each system influences students’ academic achievement, language proficiency, and access to economic opportunities over time. Drawing on empirical studies and international examples, the paper explores the ways bilingual education can enhance cognitive skills, cultural competence, and employability, potentially leading to greater social mobility compared to monolingual education. The study also discusses challenges and policy implications for optimizing educational practices to support equitable social advancement.
TASVIRIY SAN’ATNI O‘QITISHDA O‘QUVCHILARNING KREATIV IJODKORLIK KOMPETENSIYALARINI SHAKLLANTIRISH METODIKASINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH. (5-7-SINFLAR MISOLIDA)
Anatatsiya: Ushbu maqola 5–7-sinf o‘quvchilari misolida tasviriy san’at darslarida kreativ ijodkorlik kompetensiyalarini shakllantirish metodikasini takomillashtirish masalalarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada o‘quvchilarning ijodiy fikrlash qobiliyatini rivojlantirish, vizual tasavvur va tasviriy ifodani mustahkamlash, shuningdek, individual va jamoaviy ijodiy faoliyatlarni samarali tashkil etish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot jarayonida innovatsion pedagogik yondashuvlar, interfaol metodlar va zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanish orqali o‘quvchilarning kreativ kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqola natijalari maktab ta’limida ijodiy kompetensiyalarni oshirishga yo‘naltirilgan amaliy tavsiyalarni taqdim etadi.
5–7-SINF O‘QUVCHILARIDA TASVIRIY SAN’AT DARSLARIDA KREATIV IJODKORLIK KOMPETENSIYALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASI
Anatatsiya: Ushbu maqola maktabning 5–7-sinf o‘quvchilari misolida tasviriy san’at darslarida kreativ ijodkorlik kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirishning samarali metodlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda o‘quvchilarning ijodiy fikrlash, tasviriy ifoda va fantaziyasini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan innovatsion pedagogik yondashuvlar, interfaol metodlar va turli texnikalardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqola ijodiy kompetensiyalarni shakllantirish jarayonidagi muhim omillarni aniqlash va maktab ta’limida amaliy tavsiyalar berishga xizmat qiladi.
NATYURMORT KAMPAZITSIYASI YARATISH “NATYURMORT JANRI HAQIDA”
ANNOTATSIYA: Mazkur maqolada tasviriy san’atning muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biri bo‘lgan natyurmort janrining o‘ziga xos badiiy-estetik xususiyatlari va uning kompozitsion yechimini yaratish bosqichlari tahlil qilinadi. Natyurmort janrining shakllanish tarixi, uning o‘quv jarayonida egallaydigan o‘rni hamda talabalarda badiiy tafakkur va estetik didni rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada natyurmort kompozitsiyasi yaratish jarayonida predmet tanlovi, rang yechimi, yorug‘-soya munosabati, hajm va fazoviylikni ifodalash kabi masalalarga e’tibor qaratilgan. Tadqiqotda Shovdirov S.A.ning san’at ta’limi bo‘yicha ilmiy ishlari asosida nazariy yondashuvlar tahlil etilib, amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan.
NATYURMORT JANRIDA RANG VA KOMPOZITSIYA O‘QITISH METODIKASI
ANNOTATSIYA: Ushbu maqolada tasviriy san’at ta’limida natyurmort janrini o‘qitish metodikasi va uning rang, kompozitsiya hamda badiiy tafakkur rivojlanishiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada natyurmortning pedagogik ahamiyati, rang va shakl munosabatlarini o‘quv jarayonida o‘rgatish usullari, talabalarda estetik did va ijodiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish masalalari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada Shovdirov S.A.ning san’at ta’limi bo‘yicha ilmiy ishlari va amaliy tavsiyalari asosida natyurmort kompozitsiyasini o‘qitishda samarali metodik yondashuvlar taqdim etiladi.
LIBOS MODASIDAGI BADIIY OBRAZ. LIBOS DIZAYNIDAGI AVANGARD USLUBDA LIBOSLAR YARATISHNING USULLARI
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada libos modasida badiiy obraz yaratish va libos dizaynida avangard uslubda ijodiy ishlanmalar yaratishning pedagogik va amaliy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Libos dizayni nafaqat funksional kiyim yaratish bilan cheklanmay, balki estetika, madaniyat va ijodiy tafakkurni ifodalash vositasi sifatida ham xizmat qiladi. Avangard uslub elementlarini qo‘llash orqali dizaynerlar yangicha shakl, rang va kompozitsiya yechimlarini ishlab chiqadilar, bu esa moda va san’atning chegaralarini kengaytiradi. Maqolada avangard liboslarni yaratish usullari, rang, shakl, mato va tekstura bilan ishlash texnikalari, shuningdek, badiiy obrazni loyihalash va amalga oshirish jarayonidagi innovatsion yondashuvlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ushbu tadqiqot dizayner va talabalar uchun amaliy metodik tavsiyalar beradi, ijodiy tafakkur, badiiy did va estetik qarashlarni rivojlantirishga yordam beradi.
Zamonaviy libos dizaynida badiiy kompozitsiyani shakllantirish va kreativ tafakkur rivojlantirish
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy libos dizaynida badiiy kompozitsiyani shakllantirish va talabalar hamda dizaynerlarning kreativ tafakkurini rivojlantirish metodik asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Libos dizayni nafaqat kiyim vazifasini bajaradi, balki estetik, madaniy va badiiy ifoda vositasi sifatida ham xizmat qiladi. Zamonaviy dizayn jarayonida rang, shakl, tekstura va material bilan ijodiy ishlash, shuningdek, eksperiment va innovatsion yondashuvlar asosiy rol o‘ynaydi. Maqolada badiiy kompozitsiyani yaratishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari, kreativ tafakkur va ijodiy qarorlarni rivojlantirish metodikasi, shuningdek, zamonaviy texnologiyalar va innovatsion texnikalardan foydalanish ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari talabalar va dizaynerlarga libos loyihalashtirish jarayonida badiiy tafakkur va kreativ qarashlarni mustahkamlashga yordam beradi.
Tasviriy san’at darslarida faoliyat turlari: manzara ishlarining o‘rni va imkoniyatlari
ANNOTATSIYA: Ushbu maqolada tasviriy san’at darslarida faoliyat turlari, xususan manzara ishlarining o‘rni va imkoniyatlari o‘rganilgan. Maqolada o‘quvchilarning ijodiy faoliyatini rivojlantirish, makoniy tafakkur va rang shakl uyg‘unligini oshirish hamda amaliy mashg‘ulotlarni samarali tashkil etishning metodik yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Manzara ishlari orqali talabalar tasviriy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantiradi, kompozitsiya va rangni idrok etish qobiliyatini rivojlantiradi. Shu bilan birga, maqolada manzara ishlarini dars jarayoniga integratsiya qilishning pedagogik va didaktik imkoniyatlari ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.
Manzara janrida tasvir va tasavvur uyg‘unligi
ANNOTATSIYA: Ushbu maqolada manzara janrida tasvir va tasavvur uyg‘unligi o‘rganilgan. Maqolada o‘quvchilarning ijodiy faoliyatini rivojlantirish, makoniy tafakkur va rang-shakl uyg‘unligini oshirish hamda amaliy mashg‘ulotlarni samarali tashkil etishning metodik yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Manzara janrida ishlash orqali talabalar tabiatni kuzatish, vizual tafakkurini rivojlantirish va o‘z tasavvurlarini amalda ifodalash imkoniga ega bo‘ladilar. Shu bilan birga, maqolada manzara janrini dars jarayoniga integratsiya qilishning pedagogik va didaktik imkoniyatlari ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.
Enhancing Student Motivation in Art Lessons through Gamification
Abstract: Gamification, the application of game design elements in non-game contexts, has emerged as an effective strategy to increase student engagement and motivation in education. In art lessons, gamified activities—such as interactive challenges, point-based rewards, and collaborative competitions—can stimulate creativity, foster active participation, and promote deeper understanding of artistic concepts. This paper explores the potential of gamification to enhance students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in secondary school art classes. It also examines practical strategies for integrating gamified methods, highlights benefits for learning outcomes, and addresses challenges in implementation. By leveraging gamification, educators can create dynamic and interactive art learning environments that nurture creativity, collaboration, and sustained interest in the subject.
TEACHING COMPOSITION AND COLOR HARMONY TO STUDENTS USING DIGITAL TOOLS
Abstract: The integration of digital tools in art education provides innovative opportunities for teaching essential artistic concepts such as composition and color harmony. By using software applications, interactive platforms, and digital design programs, educators can offer students hands-on, visual, and engaging learning experiences. This study explores how digital technologies can enhance students’ understanding of compositional balance, color relationships, and aesthetic decision-making in art projects. It also examines pedagogical strategies for implementing digital tools in classrooms, highlights benefits for students’ creativity and visual literacy, and discusses potential challenges in technology-based art instruction.
Maktab o‘quvchilarida tasviriy san’at orqali milliy madaniyatni rivojlantirish metodikasi
Annotatsiya: Maqolada maktab o‘quvchilarini tasviriy san’at darslari orqali milliy madaniyatni rivojlantirishning metodik asoslari o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqotda o‘quvchilarning badiiy tafakkuri, vizual ifoda ko‘nikmalari va estetik didini shakllantirish, shuningdek, milliy madaniyat elementlarini tasviriy ifodalashning samarali pedagogik usullari tahlil qilinadi. Maqola darslarni rejalashtirish, tayyorlash, individual va guruh ishlari orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy faolligini oshirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar beradi.
Xalq urf-odatlarini va bayramlarini tasviriy san’at darslarida o‘rgatishning pedagogik usullari
Annotatsiya: Maqolada maktab o‘quvchilarini tasviriy san’at darslarida xalq urf-odatlari va bayramlarni vizual tarzda o‘rgatishning pedagogik usullari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda o‘quvchilarning badiiy tafakkuri, rang va shakl uyg‘unligini shakllantirish, ijodiy faollikni rag‘batlantirish hamda milliy madaniyat va an’analarni ifodalashning samarali pedagogik yondashuvlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola darslarni rejalashtirish, tayyorlash, individual va guruh ishlari orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy imkoniyatlarini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar beradi.
TASVIRIY SAN’AT DARSLARIDA 5-7-SINF O‘QUVCHILARDA BADIIY IJODKORLIK KOMPETENTSIYASINI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Anotatsiya: Maqolada 5–7-sinf o‘quvchilarida badiiy ijodkorlik kompetentsiyasini shakllantirish va rivojlantirish metodikasi tahlil qilinadi. Tasviriy san’at darslarida kreativlik, vizual tafakkur va estetik qarashlarni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan pedagogik yondashuvlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, innovatsion metodlar va interaktiv usullar orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy salohiyatini oshirish imkoniyatlari va samarali metodik vositalar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, badiiy ijodkorlik kompetentsiyasini tizimli va metodik yondashuv bilan rivojlantirish o‘quvchilarning ijodiy fikrlash va san’atga bo‘lgan qiziqishini sezilarli darajada oshiradi.
Tasviriy san’at darslarida 5–7-sinf o‘quvchilarda badiiy ijodkorlik kompetentsiyasini rivojlantirish metodikasini takomillashtirish
Anotatsiya: Maqolada 5–7-sinf o‘quvchilarida badiiy ijodkorlik kompetentsiyasini shakllantirish va rivojlantirish metodikasi ilmiy nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Tasviriy san’at darslarida kreativlik, vizual tafakkur va estetik qarashlarni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan pedagogik yondashuvlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Innovatsion metodlar, interaktiv va loyihaviy yondashuvlar orqali o‘quvchilarning ijodiy salohiyatini oshirish imkoniyatlari aniqlanadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, badiiy ijodkorlik kompetentsiyasini tizimli va metodik yondashuv bilan rivojlantirish o‘quvchilarning ijodiy fikrlash va san’atga bo‘lgan qiziqishini sezilarli darajada oshiradi.
TEACHING VISUAL ARTS IN GRADES 5–7 USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES
Annotation: This article analyzes methodological approaches for teaching visual arts to students in grades 5–7 in general secondary schools using digital technologies. It explores strategies for organizing interactive lessons, developing students’ creative and practical skills, and implementing individualized teaching methods. The study highlights the effective application of modern pedagogical technologies in visual arts education.
USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING VISUAL ARTS TO GRADES 5–7 IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS: MODERN PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES
Annotation: This article examines the use of digital technologies in teaching visual arts to students in grades 5–7 in general secondary schools. It discusses modern pedagogical approaches, including interactive lessons, multimedia applications, and individualized instruction, aimed at enhancing students’ creative, technical, and visual skills. The study emphasizes the significance of integrating technology to improve learning outcomes and engagement in art education.
Maxsus san’at maktablarida o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish masalalari
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada maxsus san’at maktablarida faoliyat yuritayotgan o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishning nazariy va amaliy masalalari yoritilgan. San’at ta’limi tizimida o‘qituvchilarning badiiy, pedagogik, ijodiy va innovatsion salohiyatini oshirish yo‘llari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada Shovdirov S.A. va boshqa zamonaviy olimlarning san’at ta’limida kompetensiyaviy yondashuv bo‘yicha ilmiy qarashlariga tayanilgan holda, o‘qituvchilarning metodik tayyorgarligini takomillashtirishning pedagogik asoslari ochib berilgan. Tadqiqotda malaka oshirish, ilg‘or pedagogik texnologiyalarni qo‘llash, raqamli ta’lim vositalaridan foydalanish va ijodiy faoliyatni rag‘batlantirish o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishda muhim omillar sifatida ko‘rsatilgan.
The Importance of Visual Learning Materials in Developing Students’ Artistic Perception
This article explores the significance of visual learning materials in enhancing students’ artistic perception in fine arts education. It emphasizes that visual resources, including images, illustrations, models, and multimedia content, play a crucial role in developing observational skills, aesthetic sensitivity, and understanding of artistic concepts. The study highlights how effective use of visual materials facilitates creative thinking, conceptual comprehension, and engagement in the learning process. Drawing on the research of S.A. Shovdirov and other pedagogical scholars, the article analyzes practical strategies for integrating visual resources in fine arts lessons and examines their impact on students’ artistic and cognitive development.
MILLIY OʻYINLAR MAVZUSIDA KOMPAZITSIYA YARATISH MAVZUGA OID ASARLAR TAHLILI
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada milliy o‘yinlar mavzusida kompozitsiya yaratishning mazmuni, maqsadi hamda san’at asarlarida ularning badiiy ifodasi tahlil qilinadi. Unda o‘zbek xalqining boy madaniy merosi va milliy qadriyatlarini aks ettiruvchi asarlar misolida ijodiy tafakkur, badiiy obraz yaratish usullari hamda kompozitsion yechimlarning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, milliy o‘yinlarning tasviriy san’atdagi o‘rni, yosh avlodda estetik did va vatanparvarlik tuyg‘ularini shakllantirishdagi roli ham ochib beriladi.
Tasviriy san’at darslarida milliy qadriyatlar va o‘yin elementlaridan foydalanishning pedagogik ahamiyati
Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada tasviriy san’at ta’limida milliy qadriyatlar va xalq o‘yinlari elementlarini qo‘llashning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. O‘yinli yondashuv o‘quvchilarning ijodiy faolligini oshiradi, milliy g‘urur va estetik didni shakllantiradi. Shuningdek, maqolada milliy an’analar asosida tashkil etilgan darslarning metodik xususiyatlari hamda Shovdirov S.A.ning san’at ta’limiga oid tadqiqotlari asosida pedagogik tavsiyalar berilgan.
THE GREAT GAME BETWEEN THE BRITISH AND RUSSIAN EMPIRES IN THE 19TH CENTURY: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
Annotation: This article presents a historical analysis of The Great Game—the strategic rivalry and political confrontation between the British and Russian Empires during the 19th century over influence in Central Asia. The study explores the geopolitical motivations behind the imperial expansion of both powers, key events and figures involved, and the implications of their rivalry on the region's political, social, and territorial landscape. By examining archival sources and historiographical debates, the article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the Great Game shaped regional dynamics and contributed to the modern political geography of Central Asia.
Ibrohim Mo‘minov va O‘zbek Milliy G‘oyasining Falsafiy Asoslari
Annotatsiya:Ushbu maqolada Ibrohim Mo‘minovning falsafiy qarashlari va uning o‘zbek milliy g‘oyasining shakllanishidagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Mo‘minov o‘zining ilmiy faoliyatida ijtimoiy, siyosiy va ma'naviy qadriyatlarni, shuningdek, milliy ongni shakllantirish masalalarini falsafiy nuqtai nazardan yoritdi. Maqolada, Mo‘minovning milliy g‘oyaning falsafiy asoslari yaratishdagi hissasi, uning falsafiy qarashlari orqali o‘zbek xalqining tarixiy va madaniy merosiga hurmat bilan yondashilishi, milliy ma'naviyatning mustahkamlanishiga bo‘lgan alohida e'tibori tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, maqola Mo‘minovning milliy g‘oyaning rivojlanishiga qo‘shgan ilmiy hissa va uning bugungi kunda o‘zbek jamiyatidagi ahamiyatini o‘rganadi.
DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE THROUGH ENGLISH LESSONS IN MIDDLE SCHOOL
Abstract: In today’s globalized world, developing intercultural competence has become an essential goal of modern education, particularly in English language teaching. For middle school students, English lessons offer a unique opportunity to explore different cultures, values, and communication styles while improving linguistic proficiency. This study examines the role of English lessons in fostering intercultural awareness, empathy, and respect among learners. It also highlights the significance of using authentic materials, cross-cultural activities, and communicative approaches that promote understanding and tolerance. By integrating intercultural elements into English classes, educators can prepare students not only to communicate effectively but also to participate responsibly in a diverse and interconnected world.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA LANGUAGE ON ACADEMIC ENGLISH AMONG UZBEK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Annotation: This paper investigates the impact of social media language on the academic English proficiency of Uzbek university students. It explores how informal language features commonly used in social media platforms influence students’ writing and communication in academic contexts. The study examines both positive and negative effects, including increased language exposure and potential interference with formal language norms. Based on surveys and language assessments, the paper discusses implications for English language teaching and suggests strategies to balance informal digital communication with academic language skills.
DIGITAL LITERACY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING: CHALLENGES FACED BY UZBEK EFL TEACHERS IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA
Annotation: This paper explores the challenges faced by Uzbek EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers in integrating digital literacy into language learning in the post-pandemic era. It investigates the obstacles related to technological infrastructure, teacher training, student engagement, and curriculum adaptation. The study highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on accelerating digital learning and discusses strategies to support teachers in effectively incorporating digital tools to enhance language education.
AVTOMATLASHTIRILGAN LOGISTIKA TIZIMLARIDA SUN'IY INTELLEKT YORDAMIDA QARORLAR QABUL QILISH: TEZKOR VA TEZKOR AXBOROT ALMASHINUVINING INNOVATSIYON YONDOSHUVLAR
Annotatsiya:Mazkur maqolada avtomatlashtirilgan logistika tizimlarida sun'iy intellekt (SI) yordamida qarorlar qabul qilish jarayonining innovatsion yondoshuvlariga e'tibor qaratiladi. Axborot almashinuvining tezligi va samaradorligi logistik jarayonlarning optimallashtirilishida muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Sun'iy intellekt texnologiyalarining qo‘llanilishi orqali logistika tizimlarida tezkor qarorlar qabul qilish imkoniyati yaratiladi. Maqolada, SI yordamida qarorlarni optimallashtirish, tizimlarni avtomatlashtirish va real vaqt rejimida axborot almashinishining o‘zaro bog‘liqligi tahlil qilinadi.
Ibrohim Mo‘minovning Falsafiy Merosi: Ta'lim va Tarbiya Nuqtayi Nazaridan
Annotatsiya: Mo‘minovning falsafiy merosi, uning ta'lim va tarbiya masalalariga bo‘lgan yondoshuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Mo‘minov ta'lim va tarbiyaning ijtimoiy, axloqiy va ma'naviy jihatlariga katta e'tibor qaratgan. Uning falsafasida ta'limning ahamiyati, insonni ma'naviy va axloqiy jihatdan shakllantirishdagi roli hamda yoshlarni tarbiyalashda milliy qadriyatlarni saqlash zarurligi alohida ta'kidlanadi. Ibrohim Mo‘minovning ta'lim va tarbiya haqidagi qarashlari bugungi kunda o‘zbek jamiyatining rivojlanishiga, ayniqsa, ta'lim tizimining modernizatsiyasi va yangi avlodni tarbiyalashga qo‘shgan muhim hissasini ko‘rsatadi.
O‘ZBEKISTON VA XITOYNING “BIR KAMAR, BIR YO'L” TASHABBUSI DOIRASIDA IQTISODIY INTEGRATSIYASI
Annotatsiya Ushbu maqolada Xitoy tomonidan 2013-yilda ilgari surilgan “Bir kamar, bir yo‘l” tashabbusining mazmun-mohiyati, uning global geoiqtisodiy hamda geosiyosiy ahamiyati, shuningdek, O‘zbekiston uchun iqtisodiy integratsiya imkoniyatlari keng yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda tashabbusning infratuzilmaviy, savdo, transport-logistika va investitsion jihatlari tahlil qilinib, Markaziy Osiyo, ayniqsa, O‘zbekiston uchun ushbu tashabbusning strategik o‘rni asoslab beriladi. O‘zbekistonning tashabbusdagi ishtiroki, ikki tomonlama savdo aylanmasining dinamikasi, Xitoy investitsiyalarining kirib kelishi va iqtisodiyot tarmoqlariga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri statistik ma’lumotlar asosida tahlil qilingan.
Dorivor o'simliklar va ularning ahamiyati
Dorivor o‘simliklar insoniyat tarixida salomatlikni saqlash, kasalliklarni davolash va hayot sifatini yaxshilashda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib kelmoqda. Ushbu maqolada dorivor o‘simliklarning kimyoviy tarkibi, farmakologik xususiyatlari, xalq tabobatida va zamonaviy tibbiyotda qo‘llanilishi, shuningdek, O‘zbekistonning boy flora resurslaridagi o‘rni batafsil tahlil qilinadi. O‘zbekistonning tabiiy sharoitlari va biologik xilma-xilligi dorivor o‘simliklarning 1000 dan ortiq turlarini o‘z ichiga oladi, bu esa mamlakatni ushbu sohada muhim markazga aylantiradi. Maqolada dorivor o‘simliklardan foydalanishning iqtisodiy (farmatsevtika sanoati), ekologik (tabiatni muhofaza qilish) va ijtimoiy (aholi salomatligi) foydalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, dorivor o‘simliklarning haddan tashqari yig‘ilishi, yo‘q bo‘lib ketish xavfi va ularni barqaror foydalanish masalalari muhokama qilinadi. O‘zbekiston kontekstida dorivor o‘simliklarni yetishtirish, ilmiy tadqiqotlarni rivojlantirish va mahalliy farmatsevtika sanoatini mustahkamlash bo‘yicha takliflar beriladi. Maqola dorivor o‘simliklarning global va mahalliy miqyosda ahamiyatini yoritish bilan birga, ularni saqlash va kelajak avlodlar uchun muhofaza qilish zarurligini ta’kidlaydi.
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ЖУРНАЛИСТИКАНИНГ БУГУНГИ КУНДА ЖАМИЯТДА ТУТГАН ЎРНИ
Мазкур мақолада журналистиканинг бугунги кунда жамиятда тутган ўрни ва аҳамияти yоритилган. Журналистиканинг янги дунёқарашни шакллантиришдаги роли, сўз ва матбуот эркинлигини таъминлашдаги аҳамияти, жамоатчилик фикрига таъсири ҳамда давлат органлари фаолияти устидан жамоатчилик назоратини амалга оширишдаги ўрни таҳлил қилинган. Шунингдек, мустақиллик йилларида ОАВ соҳасида амалга оширилган ислоҳотлар, рақамли платформаларнинг журналистикага кўрсатган таъсири, хусусий оммавий ахборот воситаларининг пайдо бўлиши ва матбуотнинг соғлом жамият қуришдаги вазифаси баён этилган.
EXPORT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND THE EFFECT OF ATTRACTING FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
Annotation. This article scientifically analyses the importance and role of foreign investments in the process of exporting agricultural products. The characteristics of agricultural exports, the competitiveness of products in the market, and methods for determining supply and demand are considered. Also, effective methods of attracting foreign investments (direct investments, joint ventures, loans and grants) and export development strategies are presented based on the experience of Uzbekistan and other countries.
Annotatsiya. Mazkur maqolada shaxsni o‘rganishning biografik metodi psixologik tadqiqotlar tizimidagi muhim metod sifatida ilmiy tahlil qilinadi. Biografik metodning nazariy asoslari, shakllanish bosqichlari, turlari hamda shaxsni o‘rganishdagi amaliy ahamiyati yoritilgan. Maqolada G. Allport, Z. Freyd, E. Erikson kabi olimlarning yondashuvlari tahlil qilinib, biografik ma’lumotlarning psixologik diagnostika va shaxsni kompleks tushunishdagi roli asoslab beriladi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy psixologik tadqiqotlarda biografik metodning intervyu, hayotiy hikoya, kundalik va hujjatli tahlil kabi variantlari qo‘llanishining afzalliklari ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shaxsni o‘z hayot tajribasi orqali anglash, uning qadriyatlar tizimi va motivatsion tuzilishini ochib berishda biografik metodning samarali vosita ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.
O‘TKIR LIMFOBLASTIK LEYKOZDA TIMUSNING INVOLYUTSIYASI VA LEYKEMIK INFILTRATSIYANING PET/CT VA MRI BILAN BAHOLANISHI (KLINIK-MORFOLOGIK KORRELYATSIYA)
Maqsad: O‘tkir limfoblastik leykoz (O‘LL), xususan T-hujayrali variantda (T-ALL) timusning involyutsiya darajasi va leykemik infiltratsiyani 18F-FDG PET/CT va diffuzion-vaznli MRI yordamida baholash, ularni gistopatologik va klinik natijalar bilan korrelyatsiya qilish. Material va metodlar: 2022–2025 yillarda diagnostika qilingan 46 bemor (27 T-ALL, 19 B-ALL; yoshi 3–42 yosh) retrospektiv tahlil qilindi. Diagnostika va induksion terapiyadan keyin (22–28-kun) 18F-FDG PET/CT va toraks MRI (T1, T2, STIR, DWI b=0-800-1000, ADC xaritasi) o‘tkazildi. Timus hajmi (3D-volyumetrik segmentatsiya, sm³), SUVmax, TLG, ADCmean va ADCmin o‘lchandi. 18 bemorda timus biopsiyasi materiallari gistopatologik va immunogistokimyoviy (TdT, CD1a, CD3, CD99, Ki-67) tekshiruvdan o‘tkazildi. Natijalar: T-ALL bemorlarida diagnostika vaqtida timus hajmi 48,7 ± 21,3 sm³ (B-ALLda 8,4 ± 4,1 sm³; p<0,001), SUVmax 9,8 ± 3,4. Terapiyadan keyin timus hajmi T-ALLda 64,2 %, B-ALLda 81,7 % ga kamaydi. ADCmean 0,74 ± 0,12 dan 1,41 ± 0,18 × 10⁻³ mm²/s ga oshdi (p<0,001). Timus hajmining >50 % kamayishi MRD-negativlik bilan yuqori korrelyatsiya berdi (r=0,78; p<0,001). SUVmax ≥8,5 va ADC ≤0,82 bo‘lgan bemorlarda 2 yillik omon qolish 61 % ni, qolganlarda 92 % ni tashkil etdi (p=0,012). Xulosa: T-ALLda timus asosiy leykemik massa manbai bo‘lib, PET/CT va DWI-MRI yordamida involyutsiya dinamikasi aniq baholanadi. Timus hajmi va ADC qiymatlari terapiya samaradorligi va prognostik biomarker sifatida taklif etiladi.
Суицид ҳолатлари таҳлили: ижтимоий-иқтисодий омиллар ва ҳуқуқ-тарғибот стратегиялари
Аннотация. Ўз жонига қасд қилиш ҳолатлари глобал миқёсда ҳам, миллий даражада ҳам жиддий ижтимоий муаммо ҳисобланади. Жаҳон соғлиқни сақлаш ташкилоти маълумотларига кўра, ҳар йили юз минглаб одамлар ўз жонига қасд қилади. Бу ҳолатлар нафақат шахсий трагедия, балки жамият учун ҳам катта йўқотишдир. Ўзбекистонда ҳам бу муаммо мавжуд бўлиб, унинг олдини олиш ҳуқуқ-тарғибот органлари, соғлиқни сақлаш тизими ва жамоатчиликнинг ҳамкорликдаги вазифаси ҳисобланади.
ZAMONAVIY AVTOMOBILLARDA PROFILAKTIK TEXNIK XIZMATNING AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy avtomobillarda profilaktik texnik xizmat ko‘rsatishning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Avtomobilning uzoq muddatliligi, xavfsizligi va yoqilg‘i tejamkorligini ta’minlashda muntazam texnik tekshiruvlarning roli tahlil qilinadi. Dvigatel, transmissiya, tormoz tizimi, elektron boshqaruv modullari kabi asosiy komponentlarning o‘z vaqtida ko‘rikdan o‘tishi nosozliklarning oldini olish, kutilmagan xarajatlarni kamaytirish hamda transport vositasining umumiy ishlash samaradorligini oshirishga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi ilmiy-amaliy nuqtai nazardan ko‘rib chiqiladi.
THE IMPACT OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS ON CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN AND INFERTILITY IN WOMEN: MODERN DIAGNOSTIC METHODS AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammation of the endometrium, often asymptomatic and associated with infertility, recurrent implantation failure, and chronic pelvic pain. This thesis explores the impact of CE on chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women, modern diagnostic methods (histopathological analysis, CD138 immunohistochemistry, hysteroscopy, and microbiological tests), and treatment strategies (antibiotics, probiotics, and regenerative approaches). Based on the analysis of scientific literature, CE is found in 10-60% of infertile women, reduces endometrial receptivity, and worsens pregnancy outcomes. The study emphasizes the role of early detection and treatment of CE in improving clinical outcomes. Additionally, the association of CE with chronic pelvic pain is explained by increased inflammatory mediators and immune disruptions, requiring differential diagnosis with endometriosis or other conditions. Modern research indicates that the epidemiology of CE is high among reproductive-age women, with risk factors including prolonged bleeding, intrauterine manipulations, and microbiome alterations. This thesis provides recommendations for managing CE in clinical practice and highlights the need for developing molecular diagnostics and personalized treatment in the future.
Developing moral immunity in students through spiritual and educational education
This article explores the process of developing moral immunity in university students through spiritual and educational upbringing. It highlights how value-based education strengthens internal moral principles, supports ethical decision-making, and increases resistance to negative social influences. The paper analyses the role of classroom instruction, cultural activities, community projects, and a supportive pedagogical environment in cultivating moral consciousness and personal responsibility. Findings indicate that spiritual and ethical education fosters stable moral awareness, strengthens emotional self-regulation, and contributes to the formation of a socially responsible and intellectually mature student identity.
Buxoro xonligi siyosiy jarayonlarida davlat boshqaruvi amaldorlarining o‘rni – otaliq misolida.
Hozirgi tezlik bilan kechayotgan davr ko‘plab davlatlarda demokratik islohotlarni ham jadallashtirishi bilan bir qatorda boshqaruv tizimini takomillashtirishni, unda sifat jihatidan o‘zgarishlarni yuzaga keltirishni talab etmoqda. Ayniqsa Osiyo qit‘asidagi bir qator davlatlarda mazkur muammo ko‘zga tashlanmoqda. Tarixdan ma‘lumki, davlatning boshqaruv tizimini to‘gri yo‘naltirish ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy hamda siyosiy barqarorlikning asosiy omili hisoblangan. Shu jihatdan ham O‘zbek davlatchiligi tarixining turli bosqichlaridagi sulolalarning markaziy boshqaruv siyosatiga jiddiy e‘tibor qaratish o‘rinlidir.
Nurmuxammadov Sharofitdin Shermaxammat o‘g‘li
Modeling the process of deodorization of cottonseed oil in a liquid-vapor-floating nozzle system
There is a high growth in global demand for consumer oils, including soybean, palm, sunflower, rapeseed, and cottonseed oils. In order to increase the production of deodorized oil, a number of measures are currently being implemented in our republic to improve vegetable oil production technologies, comprehensively process oil-bearing vegetable raw materials, and re-equip oil and fat enterprises with modern technologies and high-tech efficient equipment. The development strategy of the new Uzbekistan sets such tasks as "implementing the food industry development program to increase the volume of food products to 7.4 million tons by 2026, and the assortment of food products from 898 to 1,100..." Accordingly, scientific research aimed at improving the deodorization process using nozzles based on a computer model is of urgent importance in increasing the efficiency of producing high-quality vegetable oil.
HORIJIY DAVLATLARDA ZAMONAVIY UCHUVCHISIZ UCHISH APPARATLARINI ISHLATISHGA QO‘YILADIGAN AYRIM TALABLAR
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada hozirgi kunda xalqaro huquq tizimida va jahon hamjamiyatining normativ huquqiy hujjatlarida uchuvchisiz uchish qurilmalari (dronlar)ning tarifi va ularni tartibga solishning yagona huquqiy hujjati mavjud emasligini o’rganganlik darajasi tahlili haqida so’z boradi.
“Toshkent maktabi ustalari, uslubiy an’analari va texnik yondashuvlari”
ANNOTATSIYA: Ushbu ilmiy-ma’rifiy maqola Toshkent naqqoshlik maktabining shakllanishi, uslubiy xususiyatlari, kompozitsion yechimlari, ustalar an’analari va texnik yondashuvlarini chuqur tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqotda maktabning tarixiy ildizlari, uning o‘ziga xos ligini belgilovchi estetik mezonlar, shuningdek zamonaviy naqqoshlik jarayonidagi transformatsiya holatlari yoritilgan. Maqola amaliy san’at mutaxassislari, talabalar va tadqiqotchilar uchun nazariy hamda amaliy jihatdan foydali bo‘lgan ilmiy material sifatida xizmat qiladi.
THE ROLE OF ORAL CAVITY HYGIENE AND ITS IMPACT ON PROSTHETIC STABILITY IN PATIENTS USING REMOVABLE AND FIXED PROSTHESES
Maintaining optimal oral hygiene is crucial for patients using dental prostheses, as it directly influences prosthetic stability, longevity, and overall oral health. Poor hygiene can lead to complications such as inflammation, secondary caries, and prosthetic failure. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 patients (75 with removable and 75 with fixed prostheses). Oral hygiene status was assessed using the Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI). Prosthetic stability was evaluated clinically through mobility testing and patient-reported satisfaction surveys. Statistical analysis was performed to determine correlations between hygiene levels and prosthetic stability.
PSIXODIAGNOSTIK ISHLARINI OLIB BORILISHI
Ushbu maqolada psixodiagnostik ishlarning mohiyati, maqsadi va ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, psixologik tashxis qo‘yishda qo‘llaniladigan zamonaviy usullar, testlar va kuzatuv metodlari haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Psixodiagnostika jarayonida aniqlangan shaxsiy xususiyatlar, ularning tarbiyaviy va rivojlantiruvchi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari asosida psixologning amaliy faoliyatida diagnostik yondashuvning o‘rni va samaradorligi ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan.
Virusli gepatit turlari va ularni davolashda foydalaniladigan dorivor oʻsimliklarning shifobaxshlik xususiyatlari.
Annotatsiya.Ushbu maqolada virusli gepatit turlari va ularning asosiy xususiyatlari,klinikasi, inkubatsiya davri,yuqish yo’llari,alomatlari va belgilari hamda davolashda foydalaniladigan ayrim dorivor o`simlik turlarining shifobaxshlik xususiyatlari haqida malumot berilgan.
COMPARATIVE IMMORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF THE THYMUS OF WHITE RATS IN FE DEFICIENCY.
Annotation As a result of histological analysis of the lymphoid structures of the thymus in white outbred rats with alimentary iron deficiency, a violation of parenchymal-stromal balance in the organ, a decrease in the morphometric parameters of lymphoid tissue, the number of lymphoid cells, and the level of expression of immunohistochemical markers were revealed. In immunohistochemical studies, a significant decrease in the expression of markers CD3, Ki-67, and Bcl-2 was noted, which means that iron deficiency negatively affects the proliferation, differentiation, and immunocompetence of T-lymphocytes.
The Effect of HbA1c on Cognitive Functions in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Annotation: The association between diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment was first hypothesized in 1922. In recent years, complications of diabetes that arise from the central nervous system have been studied more extensively. Clinically significant cognitive dysfunction leads to impaired work capacity and social adaptation, as well as a deterioration in the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus [1].
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ОПИСАНИЯ КОРНЯ СУМБУЛА (FERULA MOSCHATA) В «КАНОНЕ ВРАЧЕБНОЙ НАУКИ» ИБН СИНЫ И СОВРЕМЕННЫХ НАУЧНЫХ ДАННЫХ
Актуальность проблемы (введение). Корень сумбула (Ferula moschata), также известный как сандаловое мускусное растение, на протяжении веков использовался в восточной медицине, особенно в трудах Ибн Сины. В своём трактате «Канон врачебной науки» (Х–XI вв.) Ибн Сина подробно описал его лечебные свойства, включая воздействие на нервную, сердечно-сосудистую и пищеварительную системы. В последние десятилетия интерес к традиционной фитотерапии вновь возрос, и современные фармакологические исследования подтверждают многие из наблюдений, изложенных Ибн Синой. Проведение сравнительного анализа классических и современных данных представляет собой важный этап в интеграции этномедицины и доказательной науки.
PREVALENCE OF MAXILLARY ANOMALIES AND DEFORMITIES AMONG CHILDREN WITH EARLY AND LATE REPLACEMENT BITE
Among dental diseases, dental diseases and anomalies occupy the third place after dental caries and periodontal diseases in terms of frequency and prevalence [Sisolyatin P.G., Ilyin A.A., Dergilev A.P., 2001; Uzkan N., Sarikaya B., Erkorkmaz U. et al., 2010]. In particular, it should be noted that the frequency of these dental problems ranged from 20% to 100% already in the last decade. Due to the high prevalence of these pathologies among children, the dental status of the child population is of particular scientific and practical interest both from the healthcare system and from practitioners of dental and general medicine.
ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА КРОВИ В РАЗВИТИИ ПОСЛЕРОДОВОГО ЭНДОМЕТРИТА
АННОТАЦИЯ. Кесарево сечение связано с увеличением частоты послеродовых инфекций и эндометрита в 5–10 раз по сравнению с вагинальными родами. При этом частота послеродового эндометрита примерно в десять раз выше при кесаревом сечении, выполненном после начала родов, чем при плановом. Для снижения акушерских осложнений частота кесарево сечения, рекомендованная ВОЗ, не должна превышать 15–30% от общего числа родов.
Суғд воҳасининг минтақавий тузилиши: қўрғонлар ва қишлоқлар
Марказий Суғднинг ўрта асрларга оид қишлоқлари ва рустоқлари воҳанинг табиий-иқлимий шароити ҳамда Зарафшон дарёсининг ирригацион тизимига боғлиқ ҳолда шаклланган. Марказий Суғди ташкил этган барча шаҳару қишлоқлар, рустоқлар ва йўллар биргаликда Самарқанд воҳасининг ривожланган ўрта асрлар давридаги табиий, ижтимоий ва иқтисодий қиёфасини тўлиқ намоён қилган.
RECENT ADVANCES IN IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer lacking estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 expression, posing significant therapeutic challenges due to limited targeted treatment options. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as pembrolizumab, have demonstrated promising efficacy in both earlystage and metastatic TNBC, often in combination with chemotherapy. This thesis reviews the current landscape of immunotherapy in TNBC, focusing on novel strategies including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and combination regimens. Key clinical trials like KEYNOTE-522 and IMpassion130 highlight improved pathological complete response rates and progression-free survival, yet issues such as biomarker identification, resistance mechanisms, and immune-related adverse events remain critical areas of investigation. Emerging approaches, such as bispecific antibodies and oncolytic viruses, offer potential to overcome these barriers. This work underscores the high relevance of immunotherapy in addressing unmet needs in TNBC management, providing insights into future directions for personalized and more effective treatments.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EFFECTIVE FAMILY COLLABORATION IN DEVELOPING CHILDREN'S READING CULTURE IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION
The development of a reading culture in preschool children is fundamental to their overall cognitive and linguistic growth. This study examines the theoretical foundations of effective family collaboration in fostering children’s book reading habits within preschool education. Drawing on socio-cultural, ecological, and family systems theories, the research highlights the critical role of active family engagement in enhancing early literacy skills and motivation. Through a systematic review of literature, the paper identifies key strategies for establishing productive partnerships between families and educators. The findings emphasize the need for culturally responsive, inclusive, and communicative approaches to support diverse family contexts. Ultimately, strengthening family-preschool collaboration creates a supportive environment that nurtures children’s emergent reading culture, laying a foundation for lifelong learning and academic success.
ANATOMICAL FEATURES AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN THE BRONCHIAL STRUCTURE IN YOUNG ADULTS AGED 17-21 YEARS: AN ANATOMICAL STUDY
The bronchial tree, a critical component of the respiratory system, undergoes subtle yet significant anatomical changes during late adolescence (17-21 years), transitioning toward full adult maturity. This study investigates the anatomical features, dimensional variations, and developmental modifications in the bronchial structure among young adults in this age group. Utilizing cadaveric dissections and imaging techniques, we analyzed bronchial lengths, diameters, branching patterns, and wall thicknesses in 50 subjects. Results indicate progressive enlargement of bronchial lumens and increased cartilage density, correlating with pubertal growth spurts. These findings underscore the importance of age-specific normative data for clinical applications in respiratory medicine, such as bronchoscopy and pulmonary disease diagnosis. The study highlights potential implications for understanding respiratory vulnerabilities in young adults.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ И КОНЦЕПЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ В ВЫСШИХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ
Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются современные подходы к формированию и развитию корпоративной культуры в учреждениях высшего образования. Обосновывается значимость внутренних организационных процессов, включающих ценностные, коммуникативные и структурные компоненты, определяющие эффективность функционирования образовательной среды. На основе сравнительного анализа международных и региональных концепций корпоративной культуры выделены ключевые характеристики, влияющие на устойчивость управленческих систем и качество образовательной деятельности. Особое внимание уделено условиям, способствующим формированию сбалансированной профессиональной среды, ориентированной на развитие человеческого потенциала и повышение результативности высших учебных заведений. Проведённый теоретический обзор подтверждает необходимость системного подхода к развитию корпоративной культуры и внутренних организационных механизмов образования.
HARMONIZATION CHALLENGES OF IFRS WITH NATIONAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS
Abstract. The harmonization of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) with national accounting systems is a critical component of global economic integration. Researchers argue that IFRS improves transparency, comparability, and investor trust [3]. However, several methodological and institutional barriers hinder full adoption, especially in developing countries [2].
OILALARDA INTERNETGA TOBELIKNING BUGUNGI KUNDAGI HOLATI
Zamonaviy dunyoda internet va raqamli texnologiyalar hayotning ajralmas qismiga aylandi. Ular ta’lim, aloqa va ijtimoiy munosabatlarni rivojlantirishda muhim rol o‘ynasa-da, ularning oilaviy hayotga ta’siri, ayniqsa, internetga tobelik muammosi jiddiy e’tibor talab qilmoqda. Oilalar ichidagi munosabatlar, ma’naviy-axloqiy muhit va an’anaviy qadriyatlarning saqlanishi bugungi kunda ijtimoiy tarmoqlar va virtual platformalarning haddan ziyod ko‘p ishlatilishi tufayli xavf ostida qolmoqda. Telefonlar, YouTube, Telegram, Instagram va Facebook kabi platformalar oila a’zolarining o‘zaro muloqotiga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatib, ko‘pincha yuzma-yuz munosabatlarni kamaytirib, hissiy aloqalarni zaiflashtirmoqda.
DUDUQLANISHNI BARTARAF ETISHDA PSIXOLOGIK INTERVENSIYALAR VA LOGOPEDIK MASHQLAR UYG‘UNLIGI
Anotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada duduqlanishni bartaraf etishda psixologik intervensiyalar va logopedik mashqlar uyg‘unligi, ularning o‘zaro ta’siri hamda integrativ yondashuvning samaradorligi yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda duduqlanishning psixologik omillari, stress, qo‘rquv va kommunikativ tanglik kabi faktorlarning nutq jarayoniga ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, logopedik mashqlar, nutq nafasini shakllantirish, artikulyatsion gimnastika, ritmik mashqlar va fonetik ko‘nikmalarni mustahkamlash orqali duduqlanishni kamaytirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Psixologik yordam va logopedik mashg‘ulotlarning uyg‘un qo‘llanishi duduqlanuvchi bolalar nutqining ravonligini tiklashda, ularning sotsial moslashuvi va nutqiy faolligini oshirishda muhim omil ekani asoslab beriladi. Tadqiqot natijalari duduqlanishning kompleks korreksiyasida integrativ yondashuvdan foydalanishning samarali modelini taklif etadi.
MAKTABGACHA TA’LIM YOSHIDAGI BOLALARGA XORIJIY TILNI O‘RGATISHNING PEDAGOGIK-PSIXOLOGIK ASOSLARI
ANNOTATSIYA: Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim yoshidagi bolalarga xorijiy tilni o‘rgatish jarayonining pedagogik va psixologik asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Erta yoshda til o‘rganishning ahamiyati, bolaning individual rivojlanish xususiyatlari, til o‘rgatishda qo‘llaniladigan metodlar, shuningdek o‘yin, vizual va kommunikativ yondashuvlarning samaradorligi ilmiy asosda yoritilgan. Tadqiqot davomida xorijiy til ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishda motivatsiya, psixologik tayyorgarlik, muloqot faoliyati va eshituv-hissiy qabul qilish jarayonlarining roli ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalari pedagoglari uchun samarali metodik yondashuvlarni tavsiya etishga qaratilgan.
TURIZM SOHASINING IQTISODIY RIVOJLANISHIDAGI O’RNI
Ushbu maqolada turizm sohasining milliy iqtisodiyot rivojlanishidagi o‘rni, ahamiyati va ta’sir ko‘rsatish mexanizmlari tahlil qilinadi. Global va mahalliy turizm bozoridagi jarayonlar, sohaning yalpi ichki mahsulotga qo‘shayotgan hissasi, yangi ish o‘rinlarini yaratishdagi roli hamda investitsion jozibadorlik darajasi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, infratuzilma rivoji, xizmatlar sifati, transport-logistika tizimi va raqamli turizmning iqtisodiy samaradorlikka ta’siri ilmiy asosda yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda turizmni rivojlantirish orqali hududiy barqarorlik, valyuta tushumlari va tadbirkorlik faoliyati kengayishi kabi omillar tahlil qilinib, sohani yanada takomillashtirish bo‘yicha taklif va xulosalar beriladi.
ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING AMONG ESL STUDENTS THROUGH PAIR WORK: A PRACTICAL CLASSROOM APPROACH
ABSTRACT: Pair work has become one of the most effective interactive strategies in teaching English to ESL students. It encourages communication, increases student participation, and helps learners develop autonomy while practicing authentic language use. This paper examines the major benefits of pair work, supported by theoretical perspectives and practical classroom observations. Key advantages include improved speaking fluency, reduced learner anxiety, and the ability to practice target structures in meaningful contexts. The article also outlines methodological recommendations for implementing pair work effectively, including clear task design, role distribution, and monitoring techniques. The findings demonstrate that pair work significantly enhances students’ confidence, accuracy, and collaboration skills. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of interactive methods in modern ESL classrooms and recommends integrating pair work as a core component of daily instruction.
Maqolada Umberto Eko semiotikasidagi belgi, kod, “ensiklopediya” va interpretatsiya strategiyalari tushunchasi izchil yoritiladi. Eko g‘oyalari Yu. Lotmanning “semiosfera”si va R. Bart semiologiyasi bilan qiyosiy baholanadi. O‘zbek adabiyotshunosligi uchun metodik xulosalar, matn-o‘quvchi munosabati va tarjima-talqin muvozanati masalalari muhokama etiladi.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY-TYPE CHILDREN’S HOMES FOR THE STATE AND SOCIETY
Family-type children’s homes represent one of the most humane and effective alternatives to large institutional care for children deprived of parental care. Unlike traditional orphanages, these homes aim to recreate a family environment in which children can grow emotionally, socially, and psychologically in conditions close to natural family life. This article examines the importance of family-type children’s homes for both the state and society, focusing on their role in child development, social stability, human capital formation, and long-term socio-economic benefits. It argues that such homes not only protect the rights and well-being of vulnerable children but also contribute to the creation of a more cohesive, responsible, and inclusive society. By investing in family-based care models, the state fulfills its moral and legal obligations while simultaneously reducing future social risks and strengthening national development.
LINGVOCULTUROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MODERNITY AND TRADITION IN THE WORKS OF MUROD MUHAMMAD DO‘ST
This thesis explores the lingvoculturological dimensions of modernity and tradition in the literary works of Murod Muhammad Do'st, a prominent Uzbek writer whose prose bridges post-Soviet societal transformations with deep-rooted cultural heritage. Through a detailed analysis of linguistic elements, cultural motifs, and narrative structures in selected novels and stories, the study reveals how Do'st employs irony, symbolism, and satirical techniques to depict the tensions between contemporary social changes—such as urbanization, moral crises, and identity shifts—and traditional values rooted in Islamic philosophy, national pride, and folk traditions. The research highlights the role of language as a cultural artifact that reflects Uzbekistan's transition from ideological constraints to independence-era self-reflection, emphasizing spiritual maturity amid alienation and existential questioning. By integrating lingvoculturological frameworks, the thesis demonstrates Do'st's contribution to modern Uzbek literature as a synthesis of global literary influences and local an'anaviy (traditional) elements, offering insights into broader Central Asian cultural dynamics.
The problem of developing logical and creative thinking in the educational process.
Annotation: The problem of developing logical and creative thinking in the educational process is one of the most pressing issues of the modern educational system. Logical thinking develops the ability of students to solve problems, analyze and draw logical conclusions, while creative thinking helps to develop new ideas and offer innovative solutions. This article will consider the importance of the development of logical and creative thinking in the educational process, the difficulties encountered in the implementation of these processes, as well as effective methods. Also, in educational institutions, the role of methodologies, games and practical training aimed at the development of these thoughts is analyzed. Through the results of the article, it is aimed to help teachers develop effective strategies that support logical and creative thinking, through which the learning process of students is expected to be more qualitative. In turn, such an approach serves to form the competencies necessary for their future activities.
MAHMUDXO‘JA BEHBUDIYNING DRAMATURGIK MEROSI VA TA’LIM-TARBIYA MASALALARI
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiyning dramaturgik merosi, xususan, jadid dramaturgiyasi taraqqiyotida tutgan o‘rni hamda asarlarida ilgari surilgan ta’lim-tarbiya masalalari ilmiy-pedagogik nuqtayi nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Muallifning dramatik asarlari orqali yosh avlodni ma’rifat, vatanparvarlik, ijtimoiy mas’uliyat va axloqiy yetuklik ruhida tarbiyalash g‘oyalari ochib beriladi. Tadqiqotda tarixiy-mantiqiy, qiyosiy-tahliliy va pedagogik interpretatsiya metodlari qo‘llanildi. Natijalar Behbudiy dramaturgik merosining bugungi ta’lim jarayonida samarali tarbiyaviy resurs ekanini asoslaydi.
KIBERXAVFSIZLIK IQTISODIYOTI : RAQAMLI TAHDIDLARNING BOZOR BARQARORLIGIGA TA’SIRI
Ushbu maqolada kiberxavfsizlik iqtisodiyotining mazmuni, raqamli tahdidlarning iqtisodiy barqarorlik va bozor muvozanatiga ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri keng qamrovda tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli transformatsiya jadal sur’atlarda rivojlanayotgan hozirgi davrda kiberhujumlar, ma’lumotlar o‘g‘irlanishi, moliyaviy firibgarlik va tizimlar ishdan chiqishi kabi xavflarning iqtisodiyotga olib keladigan zarar va yo‘qotishlari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, kompaniyalar va davlatlarning kiberxavfsizlik strategiyalarini kuchaytirishi, investitsiyalarning oshishi hamda raqamli infratuzilmaning himoyalanganligini ta’minlash bozor barqarorligi uchun qanday ahamiyat kasb etishi ochib beriladi. Maqolada kiberxavfsizlikning milliy iqtisodiy xavfsizlik, raqobatbardoshlik va barqaror iqtisodiy o‘sishga ta’sir etuvchi omil sifatidagi roli ham chuqur o‘rganiladi.
INGLIZ TILINI O‘RGANISHDA INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISH USULLARI
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilini o'rganish samaradorligini oshirishda innovatsion texnologiyalardan foydalanishning turli usullari, sun'iy intellekt, virtual va kengaytirilgan reallik, mobil ilovalar, onlayn platformalar, geymifikatsiya elementlari hamda multimediya resurslarining ingliz tili ta'limiga integratsiyasi tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, mazkur texnologiyalarning lingvistik ko'nikmalarni (tinglab tushunish, so'zlashuv, o'qish, yozish) rivojlantirishdagi afzalliklari, ularni qo'llashdagi metodik yondashuvlar va potentsial qiyinchiliklar o'rganilgan.
Some metods of treatment bite patologies in children age
Annotation. In recent decades, tooth-jaw system anomalies and pathologies in different countries of the world have been increasing from year to year, and these pathologies, according to some authors(Khamadeeva and together avtori 2018, Persin and together avtori 2019), rank third after caries, parodontological diseases in terms of prevalence among dental diseases. According to the data cited by the World Health Organization, TJA was found among 50% of European children and adolescents, 83% of us 6-7-year-olds, 90% of Russia 6-7-year-olds, and among the remaining age contingents 41.8-61.28%, and during our study among 67.11% of 6-13-year-olds at the time of the examination, also the percentage of prevalence of TJA varies in different age groups. In particular, 70.8% occur among 6-9 age contingents, 79.3% between 10-13, and 68.5% between 14-16.(Gontarev, 2013, Yormukhamova 2021). As age grows in children and adolescents, several etiological causes, such as milk and permanent teeth disrupting the exit sequence, result in an increase in the amount of diseases cited above, increasing the demand for orthodontics and special orthodontic treatment. The following article provides a summary of some of the claimed methods of mesial Bite, a pathology of sagittal bite.
ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ И БИЛИНГВИЗМ: ВЛИЯНИЕ ЯЗЫКА НА МЫШЛЕНИЕ И КУЛЬТУРНОЕ ВОСПРИЯТИЕ В МНОГОЯЗЫЧНОЙ СРЕДЕ
Аннотация В статье рассматривается взаимосвязь языка, культуры и мышления в контексте теории лингвистической относительности Э. Сепира и Б. Л. Уорфа. Анализируются основные положения гипотезы Сепира—Уорфа, включая её сильный и слабый варианты, а также их значение для исследований в области этнолингвистики и билингвизма. Особое внимание уделяется проблеме различий в когнитивном и культурном восприятии у естественных и искусственных билингвов. В работе также освещаются современные социально-культурные факторы, способствующие росту популярности английского языка в Узбекистане, такие как глобализация, образовательные реформы, государственная языковая политика и экономические перспективы. Делается вывод о важной роли билингвизма в формировании межкультурной компетенции личности.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ ЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ
Ushbu maqolada ta'lim tizimini modernizatsiya qilish sharoitida o'quvchilarning mantiqiy fikrlashini rivojlantirishning zamonaviy yondashuvlari ko'rib chiqiladi. Alohida e'tibor interaktiv o'rganish usullariga, jumladan, analitik va tanqidiy ko'nikmalarni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan o'yin va tadqiqotga asoslangan yondashuvlarga qaratilgan. Unda tizimli va faoliyatga asoslangan yondashuvlar o'quvchilarning o'rganish sifatini oshirish uchun juda muhim degan xulosaga kelish mumkin.
O'sib borayotgan bolalarda empatiya rivojining psixologiyasi
Ushbu maqola o'sib borayotgan bolalarda empatiya rivojlanishining psixologik jihatlarini o'rganishga bag'ishlangan. Empatiya – bu boshqa odamlarning his-tuyg'ularini tushunish va ularga javob berish qobiliyati bo'lib, ijtimoiy munosabatlar va shaxsiy rivojlanishning muhim asosi hisoblanadi. Maqolada empatiyaning affektiv, kognitiv va xulq-atvor komponentlari, ularning yosh davrlari bo'yicha rivojlanish xususiyatlari, shuningdek, ota-onalar ta'siri, temperament va ijtimoiy muhit omillari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, empatiya erta bolalikdan boshlab rivojlana boshlaydi va o'smirlik davrida muhim o'zgarishlarga uchraydi. Empatiyaning to'g'ri rivojlanishi bolalarning ijtimoiy moslashuvi, prosocial xulq-atvori va kelajakdagi muvaffaqiyatiga ijobiy ta'sir ko'rsatadi.
Традиционные игры и формирование национальных видов спорта в кыргызской культуре
Abstract: The article explores national sports as an integral part of cultural heritage and the historical development of physical culture. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of traditional Kyrgyz games and household entertainments into organized national sports. The study examines the origins of sport as a form of regulated competition, tracing its evolution from ancient ritualized and everyday practices to modern institutionalized sports. Using historical descriptions, ethnographic evidence, and oral testimonies, the article analyzes traditional games related to strength competitions, especially various forms of pulling objects such as sticks, whips, and animal hides. Special focus is given to the traditional practices that later formed the basis of the national sport known as tayak tartysh. The research highlights how everyday labor activities gradually acquired competitive and recreational features and eventually became standardized sporting disciplines. The article demonstrates that the institutionalization of national sports contributes to the preservation of intangible cultural heritage, strengthens national identity, and promotes physical development within contemporary society.
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ALLOXAN IN EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
Despite the significant development of diabetology, which is a priority area of health care development in many countries of the world, the problem of prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes (QD) in children and adults has become an acute medical and social problem. QD, which leads to severe complications and early disability in young organisms, is characterized by high mortality. Cell therapy allows you to ensure the full supply of the body with the necessary peptides and intercellular interaction factors, which contributes to the reparative regeneration of pancreatic tissues, thereby reducing insulin deficiency.